From the Library of 
Professor Henry F. Wickham 
University of Iowa 
Presented in 1942 


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H 76 lr 


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REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDE OF AMERICA, 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 
By GEO. H. HORN, M. D. 


The object of the following pages is two-fold—first, to afford a proper means of making 
known to science the results of four years field work in California and adjacent regions; 
and secondly, to bring before the student of our fauna as nearly a correct list with syno- 
nymy of all our species as possible, with short descriptions and synoptic tables, whereby 
all our known species can be readily recognised, rendering it necessary to refer only 
doubtful or new ones to those having typical collections for proper comparison, 

The Tenebrionidie commence a large series of coleopterous insects, of which the he- 
teromerous tarsi constitute the most important as well as the most constant character ; 
and although occupying such an important position in this Section of the great Order 
Coleoptera, it is neither peculiar, nor without exception. 

In the family Trictenotomidie, as well as in Silphidee Staphylinide and Colydiide, 
we have instances of heteromerous tarsi, although in some instances the character is re- 
versed, that is, the anterior tarsi are four jointed instead of the hind tarsi. Two species 
of Heteromera are said to have pentamerous tarsi (Tanyrhinus singularis Mann., and Se- 
pidium pradieri Guerin.) and one genus, Heterotarsus, has the number of joints reduced 
by one in each tarsus, so that the anterior and middle tarsi are tetramerous, while the 
hind tarsi are trimerous. 

The following characters are those which define all the genera and species known to 
me of the family Tenebrionide, 

Prosternum attaining the hind margin of the thorax, epimera never contiguous on the 
median line. Anterior coral cavities closed behind, Tarsi heteromerous, penultimate joint 
never spongy beneath. Tarsal claws simple. First three joints of the abdomen connate, 
Elytra with distinct epipleure. 

Any heteromerous Coleopteron not possessing all of the above characters, must be re- 
ferred to some other family. Cossyphus has the epimera of the prosternum contiguous 
along the median line, and the prosternum not attaining the hind margin of the prothorax, 
and must constitute a family apart and be placed at the head of that large primary division 
of the Order in which this peculiar formation of prosternum is always found, called by Dr, 
Leconte the Rhynchophora. 


Even to the present time, many European entomologists persist in retaining Boros and 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—64 — 


254 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


its allies among the Tenebrionidee. Myr. Pascoe (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. IV, 
Vol. IIT, p. 153,) renews the opinion, and while noting the fact that the anterior coxal 
cavities are open behind in Pytho, Boros, et al., appears to lay greater stress on the promi- 
nence of the coxae themselves, I fear the more prominent, or rather more visible, char- 
acter has engaged the attention of Mr. Pascoe, at the expense of the more important ones. 
In the above cited paper of Mr. Pascoe, as well as in others by Mr. Bates, on the ‘Tene- 
brionide Fauna of Australia, ete., it is to be regretted that too little attention has been 
paid to some of our own genera, with which it is probable some of theirs are closely allied 
and perhaps identical. Many have been founded on characters of entirely too trifling 
moment, and genera have been multiplied to an extent only execeded by late publications 
on the genera of Cerambycidee and Curculionidee. From their standpoint Eleodes in our 
fauna alone may be divided into a dozen, while each Asida might with equal propriety be 
called by a surname of its own. 

Although the coxal cavities are never confluent, they are sometimes so narrowly sep- 
arated by the prosternum as to allow the coxie to become contiguous, as mm Dacoderus 
and a new genus.* 

The classification adopted in the body of this paper is substantially that of Dr. Le- 
conte, with such alterations as the further study of the family seems to indicate, and while 
the systems adopted by Leconte and Lacordaire are so widely and fundamentally differ- 
ent, the arrangement of the genera is very strikingly similar, In this arrangement one 
fact may be noticed more especially; the mentum in the leading genera of each sub-family 
attains a maximum, gradually diminishing in size as the more inferior types are reached, 
and while this is the case in each sub-family, the mentum in its greatest development in 
the three sub-families is gradually smaller, To illustrate ; in the first sub-family the men- 
tum is very large in the Gnathosiini, and minimum in Dacoderini; second sub-family, 
maximum in Asidini, minimum in Coniontini; third sub-family, maximum in Blaptini 
(and Coclocnemis), minimum in Apocryphini and Helopini; and while we have a maxi- 
mum and minimum in each sub-family, so the Tentyriidae have the mentum of maximum 
development, while the Tenebrionidie of minimum, In a study of the family, T have 
often been struck with the remarkable parallelism which appears to exist between indi- 
vidual genera of many widely separated tribes. As I have been unable to consult scarcely 
a fifth part of the genera described, I cannot venture further than the mere hint above 
given. 

Before entering on the details of the paper, I cannot omit mention of the many kind 
friends who have assisted me in the loan of specimens, &c.; firstly, Dr. Leconte, for the 
very free use of his cabinet and library; secondly, of Dr. Lewis, for many specimens, the 


* This genus is in the cabinet of my friend, Mr. Ulke, and in Washington, D. C., and, as My. U. is now abroad, 


{ have not been permitted to study many of the species in his cabinet. 


n> 
Or 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 


result of a Sammer’s trip to New Mexico; and of the members of the American Entomo- 
logical Society, of Philadelphia, as well as the Society itself, for the kind access granted 
to their collections. 

I have received valuable assistance from many kind friends, who have made collections 
in alcohol in various parts of our country, and kindly placed them at my disposal. To 
such I return sincere thanks. 


Ist. To Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, of the California Geological Survey, who made abundant 


5 : 
and valuable collections in all parts of California, Oregon, Nevada, and Lower California, 
from Cape San Lucas to San Diego. 

2d. To Dr. Cronkhite for valuable collections in Owens’ Valley, California. 

3d. ‘To Capt. Jno, BE. Hill, of California, for several interesting lots from Fort Yuma. 

4th. To Dr. J. G. Cooper, for collections in the Sacramento Valley. 

My own collections in the West were made principally in California, and extend 
throughout the whole length of the State, principally in the Sacramento and Owens’ Val- 
leys, Tejon, Yuma, Fort Crook, Surprise Valley, and in the Territories of Arizona and 
New Mexico, and at all places along the road and at any camps that may have been 
made on the journey. 

This paper having been written with the view of aiding the American student of his 
own fauna, it has been the author’s endeavor to be as explicit, as so intricate a subject can 
be made, Wherever it was possible, synoptic tables of species have been added, many of 
them prepared with considerable outlay of time and trouble. If this paper can in the 
least aid those whose collections are in disorder, in properly systematising their species 
and appreciating the difference between the genera and species, and above all, if it will 
succeed in preventing them, should they ever aspire to authorship. from creating genera 
and species unnecessarily, I will feel that Iam amply repaid. And to those whose posi- 
tion will enable them to study the paper critically, it may be said that, if any errors either 
original or copied, be the means of stimulating any one to eliminate them, I think all will 
have abundant reason for rejoicing, and to these readers I respectfully request the perusal 
of Duval’s 'Tenebrionides, p. 242, and Lacordaire, Genera, V., pp. 12 and 289. 

In the following pages each species known in our fauna will be at least briefly noticed, 
and not merely references given, although the species may be well known. Some species 
of Say and Beauvois remain unrecognised, while all are probably known to us under other 
names. It is to be regretted that Mr. Walker, (Naturalist in Brit. Col. App.), has seen 
fit to publish a large number of our Oregon species, among them some Tenebrionide, as 
new. The descriptions are for the most part totally valueless, and, were it not for the in- 
timate acquaintance all American students have with the fauna of that region, the species 


would have remained unrecognised until others, better appreciating specific characters 


256 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


among Coleoptera, might have been induced to review his work and so describe the spe- 
cies that their correct synonymy could be properly ascertained. From the repeated study 
of his descriptions, I am fully satisfied that all the Tenebrionide, at least, are old species, 
some of them having been described for ten or twenty vears. 

In regard to the classification of the family but little need here be said. After a very 
careful review of all systems heretofore published, I am inclined to adopt that of Dr. Le- 
conte, as giving in a more satisfactory manner the relations the tribes should occupy to 
each other. Ina review of the succeeding pages, the reader will find the tribes numbered 
continuously, although in a fauna limited as is our own, these tribes must not always be 
considered as of equal value among themselves, nor even equivalents of those of similar 
designation in the work of Lacordaire. As the classification of the family on anything 
like a natural method has been the result of the labor of few students, and in compara- 
tively recent times, it can hardly be supposed to be as firmly fixed as that of the Carabi- 
die and Staphylinidie; therefore, the author has at times varied from any systems yet 
proposed, with the view of lessening the number of exceptional cases that must inevitably 
occur where any strict line of division is allowed to conflict with natural affinities. 

The family Tenebrionide may be divided into three sub-families. 

Hind margins of all the ventral segments corneous, 
Meso-coxee enclosed by the sterna; trochantin not visible. TENTYRIID.E. 
Meso-coxe open externally; trochantin visible. ASIDID.E. 

Tiind margins of the third and fourth ventral segments partly coria- 
ceous; trochantin visible or not. 


TENEBRIONID.E. 


Sub-Family 'TENTYRITD_E. 


This sub-family comprises all those genera in which the ventral segments are entirely 
corneous, and the meso-coxae enclosed by the meso- and meta-sterna, and with the tro- 
chantin consequently invisible. The mentum here attains its greatest development, and 
in many of the genera entirely hiding all the other parts of the mouth, The sides of the 
gula are usually prominent and applied directly against the sides of the mentum, so that 
no gular peduncle can exist. The tarsal vestiture is somewhat variable, in most of the 
genera the tarsi have very coarse, almost spinous hairs, and much more rarely silky pu- 
bescent. 

The following table will serve to distinguish the tribes in our fauna, 

Mentum large, concealing both maxille and ligula. 
Episterna of metathorax very wide; front trilobed, EPIPHYSINI. 
Episterna of metathorax narrow. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 257 


Front uni or trilobed. 


Body apterous ; metasternum short. GNATHOSHNI. 
Body winged; metasternum long. 
Anterior tibize slender, with two spurs. EPITRAGINI, 
Anterior tibize with the outer apical angle prolonged 
and with a single spur, CNEMODINI. 
Front broadly rounded. THINOBATINI. 


Mentum large, concealing either ligula or maxillee, never both; 
Tibial spurs distinct. BATULIINI, 
Tibial spurs very minute. 


Anterior coxre widely separated. 


Kyes transverse, finely granulated. ZOPHERINI, 
Eyes rounded, coarsely granulated. USECHINI. 


Anterior coxe narrowly separated; 
antenne 11-joited. STENOSIINI. 
Anterior cox continguous ; 


antenne 10-jointed. DACODERINI. 


TRIBE I—EPIPHYSINI., 


Body short, convex, apterous; epistoma trilobed, labrum prominent; mentum very 
large, entirely filling the gular cavity; ligula and maxillae concealed; thorax very short, 
anterior angles prominent, acute; elytra globose, sides embracing widely the flanks, epl- 
pleuree narrowing; coxie widely separated, the posterior transverse; prosternum closely 
fitting to the mesosternum, ‘T'arsi slender, sparsely ciliate with long hairs. 


This tribe contains in our fauna but one genus. 


EDROTES, Lec. 
Edrotes, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, 141. 
E. rotundus, Say, (Pimelia) Journ. Acad., 3,251; Lee. (Edrotes) Ann. Lye. V, 141. Lac. Genera, PI. 48, fig. 2. 
Sub-opaque, coarsely but sparsely punctured and sparsely clothed with reddish hairs. 
or 9 


Length .25-30 inch. 

Occurs rather abundantly on the Plains of Kansas and Nebraska. 

E. ventricosus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, 141; Lac. Genera, Pl. 48, fig. 3; Thomson, Arcana Nature, Vol. I, Pl. 
XII, fig. 8. 

Shining, more finely and sparsely punctured and sparsely clothed with greyish hair. 


Length .41 inch. 
Occurs in the Desert region of California east of the Sierra Nevada, and in similar re- 
gions of Arizona and Nevada. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL, XIV.—65 


258 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


TRIBE II—GNATHOSIINI. 


Body variable in form, apterous; epistoma in our genera with at least a prominent 
middle lobe, labrum prominent; mentum large ; ligula and maxillae concealed; pro- and 
mesosternum not contiguous. ‘Tarsi variable in vestiture, 

Our genera may be arranged— 

Tutercoxal process of abdomen broad, truncate. 

Pronotum continuous with the flanks; middle lobe of epistoma short, broadly emarginate, 
lateral lobes very prominent. CRANIOTUS. 
Marginal line of thorax distinct. 
Mandibles toothed above. TRIOROPHUS. 
Mandibles not toothed above. 
Hind tarsi with first joint equal to 3—4. STIBIA. 
“tarsi with first and last joints equal. TRIPHALUS. 


Intercoxal process of abdomen narrow, acute. 


Middle lobe of epistoma rounded; eyes with superciliary ridge, TRIMYTIS. 
Middle lobe of epistoma truncate; eyes with superciliary ridge. CRYPTADIUS. 
Middle lobe of epistoma emarginate; eyes without  ‘* ‘ AUCIIMOBIUS. 


The last three genera may be distinguished from the preceding genera by their robust 
form, The body is convex, and in two genera quite globose. The sides of the thorax 
are regularly rounded and narrow gradually from the basal angles. The base of thorax 
is as wide as the base of the elytra. The form of the body is therefore regularly oval. 
‘The head is also less prominent and more transverse than in the preceding genera of the 
tribe. 

CRANIOTUS, Lec. 

Craniotus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, 142. 

C. pubescens, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 142, the only species of the genus known. 

The genus may be readily distinguished from all others of the tribe by the very prominent 
triangular lateral lobes of the head. The median lobe is very short and broadly emarginate, 
labrum prominent, feebly emarginate, anterior angles rounded. The epipleure and the 
elytra are connate without trace of suture. The metasternal paraplenre are broad and 
without epimera, ‘The antenne are longer than the head and thorax, third joint equal to 
fourth and fifth. The last joint is small, conical and connate with the preceding, so that 
the antenne appear to have but ten joimts. ‘The last jot of the maxillary palpi is 
broadly triangular, the apical side larger in the male, and much more narrow in the fe- 
male, Craniotus is not rare on the Maricopa desert of Arizona under fallen trunks of 
Cereus giganteus, from March to November, 

Length .45-50 inch. 

TRIOROPHUS, Lee. 
Triorophus, Lee., Ann. Lye. V, 141. 
In ‘Triorophus the mandibles have a superior tooth which clasps the sides of the promi- 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 259 


nent middle lobe of the epistoma. ‘This lobe is rounded in front, more acute at its mid- 
dle, emarginate at the sides, and with a very convex surface, so that the front is umbonate. 
The labrum is not visible. The maxillary palpi have nearly equal joints, the last being 
feebly triangular. They are alike in both sexes. The metasternal parapleure are nar- 
row, the elytral epipleuree narrow, but separated by a distinct line. 
‘The species of this genus may be tabulated— 
Head smooth, thorax transverse, frontal umbone large. nodiceps. 
Head coarsely punctured, thorax transverse, frontal umbone moderate. punctatus. 


Head punctured or sulcate, thorax quadrate, narrower behind. 


Elytra shining. levis. 
Elytra opaque, pubescent. subpubescens. 


T. nodiceps, Lec., Proc. Acad. 6, 447; Thomson, Arcana, Vol. I, Pl. XIII, fig. 7. 

This is our largest species, and may be distinguished by the almost entirely smooth 
head, the transverse and finely and densely punctured thorax. ‘The frontal umbone is 
more convex than in any of our other species. Found in Texas. 


Length .30 inch, 


T. punctatus, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 142. 

But one specimen of this species is known, a single dead individual having been 
found at Vallecito, Cal. It is stouter and more robust than the other species. The head 
is coarsely punctured, and the thorax transverse coarsely and confluently punctured. 

Length .25 inch. 

T. levis, Lec., Ann, Lye. 5, 141; rugéceps, Lec., loc. cit.; Lac. Genera, pl. 48, fig. 4. 

This is the most abundant of our species. Specimens occur from ‘Tejon, Cal., to the 
western base of the Rocky Mountains in Arizona. ‘The thorax is nearly as long as broad 
and notably narrower behind, and has its upper surface finely but distantly punctured. 
The head varies in sculpture; in some the punctures are very fine and distant, in others 
the head is sulcate by the confluence of coarse punctures. ‘These two forms constitute re- 
spectively levis and rugiceps. TL have had opportunity of examining many specimens, and 
find every shade of variation from one to the other. 

Length .25 inch. 


T. subpubescens, brownish black, sub-opaque. Head coarsely and densely punctured and longitudinally finely 
suleate; umbone moderately prominent, finely punctured. Thorax slightly broader than long, sides moderately 
rounded. Surface convex, coarsely and densely but not confluently punetured. Head and thorax with sparsely 
placed short yellow hairs. Elytra oval, moderately convex, faintly striato-punctate with the interstices with two rows 
of very faint punctures, sparsely pubescent with the short hairs arranged between the rows of larger punctures. Body 
beneath paler. Thorax coarsely and densely punctured, meso and metasterna very coarsely punctured, abdomen finely 


and sparsely punctured. Length .30 inch, 


260 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID® OF AMERICA, 


Differs from all other preceding species by its opaque surface, sparsely clothed with 
pubescence. Our other black and shining species are covered with a white dust or pul- 
verulescence easily removed by handling. ‘This same dust-like coat may be noticed on 
many of our smooth Tencbrionidie, and the more especially among those of the higher 
tribes. 


STIBIA, n. 


g, 

This genus differs from ‘Triorophus by the following characters: Front trilobed, mid- 
dle lobe triangular slightly detlexed, lateral lobes broadly rounded.  'Tarsi pubescent and 
spinous beneath. Eyes with distinct superciliary ridge, rounded and feebly emarginate. 
Mandibles without tooth on upper surface. 

The form of the front in the unique species of this genus is entirely different from any- 
thing seen in the tribe. The lateral lobes are broadly rounded, the middle slightly de- 
flexed, forming an angle with the rest of the front, the ridge being continous with the 
sides of the front, so that when the front is viewed from above it appears broadly rounded 
as in the next tribe, and thus approaches the form seen in foreign genera allied to Tentyria. 

S. puncticollis, black shining, head coarsely and confluently punctured, thorax moderately convex, coarsely 
and densely punctured, one-half broader than long. Sides broadly rounded, margin acute; angles distinct; anteriorly 
feebly emarginate, posteriorly feebly sinuate. Elytra convex, elongate, oval, with nine rows of strong punctures on 
the dise, one marginal row and a short seutellar row of 8 or 4 punctures. Beneath coarsely and densely punctured. 
Legs ferruginous, brown. Length .82-88 inch. 

Peninsula of California, Collected by Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, to whom I must again ac- 
knowledge indebtedness for collections, made in all parts of California, kindly placed at 
my disposal. 

TRIPHALUS, Lec. 

Triphalus, Lee., New Species, 10-4. 

Triphalus differs abundantly from any of the other genera already noted. The form 
of front approaches that seen in Trimytis. The middle lobe is rather triangular with the 
greatest dimension transverse, the sides are broadly rounded; the lateral lobes are very 
distinct and separted from the median by a well defined incisure. The mandibles are not 
toothed above. ‘The tarsi are very distinctly pubescent beneath, more so than in any 
other genera of this tribe, and with the first joint of the hind tarsi rather shorter than the 
last. 

T. punctatus, Lee., New Species, 104. 

The only species known, is brownish in color, with head and thorax strongly pune- 
tured. ‘The elytra have rows of large punctures in lines arranged in eight discoidal and 
one marginal series, with a short scutellar row. 

Lower California. Collected by Mr, Xantus. 


Length .26-83. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 261 


TRIMYTIS, Zee. 

Trimytis, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, 141. 

With this genus commences a series of an oval, rather robust form. In them the 
thorax is as wide at base as the base of the elytra. The intercoxal process of the abdo- 
men is triangular and acute. The form of front in Trimytis is nearly that seen in the 
preceding genus. The middle lobe is broader with sides less convergent, and truncate, 
the lateral lobes are small, rounded and separated from the middle lobe anteriorly by a 
fissure or incisure, as in Triphalus. The eyes have slight superciliary ridges, more de- 
veloped in front of the eyes than above them, 

T. pruinosa, Lee., Ann. Lye. V, 141. Form elongate oval, convex, glossy black. Head and thorax densely 
but not very coarsely punctured. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides slightly rounded, gradually narrowing from 
hind angles, which are rectangular, apex emarginate, base truncate, anterior angles prominent acute. Elytra oval 
truncate at base, scarcely wider than the thorax at base, with eight discoidal and one marginal row of rather fine 
punctures becoming obsolete at the apex; the interstices have a single row of very fine punctures. Thorax beneath 
rather coarsely but not densely punctured, abdomen finely and very distantly punctured. Length .25 inch. 

Found at times rather abundantly under stones on the plains west of Missouri. When recent the individuals 
have a pruinose appearance, or as if covered with a fine dust-like efflorescence. 


Length .20-24 inch. 


T. pulverea, n. sp. Piceous, sub-opaque, elongate, oval, moderately convex. Head finely sulcate from the lon- 
gitudinal confluence of punctures. Thorax one-half broader than long, convex, moderately, coarsely and densely 
punctured, sides moderately rounded. Base faintly sinuous, angles rectangular. Anteriorly slightly emarginate; an- 
terior angles not very prominent. Elytra oval truncate at base, with eight discoidal rows of rather large punctures 
and one marginal; interstices slightly convex with a faint series of punctures. Thorax beneath very coarsely and 
densely punctured. Abdomen less coarsely and not densely punctured. Length .20 inch. 

This species differs considerably from the preceding, notably in the form of the thorax. 
The thorax is rather narrower at base than at its middle, the sides are therefore more 
rounded than in pruinosa and the anterior angles are much less prominent. 

As compared with pruinosa, this species has more elongate and less convex elytra. 
The rows of punctures are better defined and the punctures more closely placed, 
so that the elytra are almost striate. When recent, this species is covered with a fine 
dust, as in pruinosa. I found but few specimens of this species at Camp Grant, Arizona, 
during the Winter, under stones, ete. 

T. abnormis, chestnut brown, sub-opaque; head rather densely and coarsely punctured; thorax broader than 
long, narrower at base than the elytra; disc moderately convex, coarsely and moderately densely punctured, especially 
toward the margins; apex feebly emarginate, base slightly sinuate, sides rounded in front, gradually narrowed to the 
hind angles, which are rectangular. Elytra elongate oval, subparallel in front, moderately convex with striz of finely 
muricate punctures, confused at base and less distinct at apex. Body beneath coarsely but not densely punctured; 
abdomen paler, more shining, and scarcely at all punctured. 

Length .26 inch. 

This species differs not only from all its congeners, but from the group of genera, in 
reproducing a form of thorax more nearly allied to Stibia; all the other species of the 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XI1V.—66 


262 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA UF AMERICA, 


genera of this group have the thorax broadest at base and equal to the elytra, while the 
thorax in the present species is narrower at base than at apex. It cannot be referred to 
any other genus, and this one character alone appears really too trifling to admit of the 
formation of a new one. A single specimen collected by the expedition in Nevada, under 
Clarence King. 

CRYPTADIUS, Lec. 

Cryptadius, Lee., Ann. Lye. V, 140. 

Epistoma with the middle lobe produced truncate, labrum slightly prominent, entire. 
Maxillary palpi slender, eyes subemarginate, with a distinct superciliary ndge. Mentum 
large, transverse, entirely filling the buccal cavity. Antenna 11-jointed, slender, slightly 
thickened externally ; 3d joint larger, Legs slender, bicalcarate. Anterior tibive with the 
outer angle prolonged. Posterior coxwe approximate. 

C. inflatus, Lee., Ann. Lye. V, 140. Black, very convex head and thorax, finely punctured. Thorax short, 
narrower anteriorly, sides rounded, slightly margined. Elytra finely muricato-punctate. Base of antennz and feet 
brownish. Length .23 inch. 


A single specimen was found at San Diego, and subsequently lost while being sent 


abroad for study. No other specimens have since been found. 


AUCHMOBIUS, Lec. 
Auchmobius, Lee., Ann. Lye. V, 140. 
Kpistoma with the middle lobe produced, deeply emarginate, and with convergent 


sides, lateral lobes broadly rounded. Labrum moderately prominent, feebly emarginate. 
Maxillary palpi slender, last joint broader oval. Eyes feebly emarginate and without su- 
perciliary ridge, Antenne with the first three joints nearly equal and longer than the 
others; joints 4-10, gradually increasing in breadth, slightly flattened, last joint oval, 
acute and smaller than the preceding. Anterior tibie with the outer angle prolonged, 
‘Tarsi with spinous hairs beneath. 

This genus and the preceding have been removed*from the group Thinobatini, in 
which they were placed by Dr, Leconte, on account of the prominence of the middle lobe 
of the epistoma. In the tribe named, the epistoma is very broadly rounded and without 
any undue prominence of either of the lobes, which are faintly indicated by obsolete 
sutures, 

A. sublevis, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 140. 

This insect is of very robust form, broadly oval, and very convex, nearly smooth and 
shining, with few fine punctures on the head and thorax, and rather coarse ones on 
the elytra. It appears to occur in many parts of California, though rare everywhere. 
Specimens occurred most abundantly in Owens’ Valley, one at Tejon, another in the 
Southern Coast Range. It varies in size from .8—.4 inch; and one from the latter locality 


is smoother and ofa longer oval. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 263 


TRIBE III—EPITRAGINTI, 


Body generally elongate oval, winged; epistoma with at least a prominent middle 
lobe in our species; labrum prominent; mentum large, entirely filling the gular cavity; 
elytra with narrow epipleure; metasternum long; parapleure narrow; middle coxe en- 
tirely enclosed by the sterna, hind cox approximate, intercoxal process of abdomen 
acute; tarsi usually pubescent beneath. 

Than this tribe there is probably no other more difficult of position ; each genus pos- 
sessing characters peculiarly its own, yet all are connected by many points of structure, 
rendering the tribe at least as natural as any of those which precede, Composed origin- 
ally in our fauna of but one well defined genus, with characters unknown in any other 
preceding or following it in the Tentyriidie, it was not a matter of any great trouble to 
assign it to a position in an analytical table. The addition of one other genus renders its 
study no less difficult in our fauna than Lacordaire found it in the genera of the whole 
world. 

Two genera alone compose this tribe in our fauna, and may be readily distinguished 
from each other as follows :— 


Mesosternum divided, receiving the prosternum. EPITRAGUS. 
ss not divided, prosternum not prolonged. SCHOENICUS, 


EPITRAGUS, Latr. 

Epitragus, Laty., Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. X, p. 322. 

The characters of this genus have been so thoroughly exposed by Lacordaire (Genera 
des Coleopteres V.) that it is unnecessary to repeat, while any characters peculiar to our 
species, or not heretofore noted, will be developed either in the table which follows or in 
the description of each species. For a long time but one species was known in our 
fauna; our collections now contain eight, either described within a very few years or now 
for the first time made known. ‘The epistoma varies considerably in outline and to the 
same extent in our species as has been already noticed in foreign ones. 

Our species may be arranged as follows :-— 

Thorax narrower than elytra; supra-orbital ridge distinct. submetallicus., 
‘Thorax as wide at base as elytra, 
Thorax dissimilar in 4 and 9°. 
Anterior angles of thorax very acute and more or aCe se 
less prominent. arundinis. 
canaliculatus. 
Thorax similar in both sexes, 
Eyes with supra-orbital ridge; elytra not pubescent. pruinosus. 


Eyes without =“ “5 elytra pubescent. 


264 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


Elytra emarginate at apex, dentiger, 
Elytra entire at apex. tomentosus. 


plumbeus. 
E. submetallicus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 7, 224. 


This is the largest as well as the most aberrant of our species. ‘The thorax 
is narrower at base than the elytra, the sides parallel behind the middle, anteriorly 
broadly rounded, anterior angles not prominent, but obtuse. The head is sub-quad- 
rate. The epistoma strongly trilobed, middle lobe rounded and prominent, lateral 
lobes very prominent and acute with an emargination between them and the middle 
lobe. The sides of the epistoma in front of the eyes do not converge, and the head 
thus assumes a more nearly sub-quadrate form than in any other of the species. The 
eyes are very convex and have a strong supra-orbital ridge. The characters above given 
seem to be sufficient for generic separation. Genera among Tenebrionide threaten to be- 
come very numerous, according to the value at present assigned to characters, and I there- 
fore prefer to indicate as few as possible consistent with anatomical variations. 


E. acutus, Lee., New Species, 373, p. 108. Texas, Kansas and Mexico. 
Length .46-.50 inch. 


E. arundinis, Lee., New Species, 374, p. 108. Middle States, near the coast. 
Length .40 inch. 


E. canaliculatus, Say, Long’s Exped. 2, 281. Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. 

Length .40-.45 inch. 

These three species have been so thoroughly described and compared, (Lec. loc. cit.) 
that nothing further need be said. The form of epistoma varies sufficiently to enable 
each species to be recognised by it. ‘The middle lobe is most prominent in the first two, 
broadly rounded in the third. ‘The lateral lobes are more prominent in the second and 
least evident in the first; in all the sides of front are slightly convergent. ‘The thorax is 
dissimilar in the sexes. In the male the thorax is slightly flattened at the middle of the 
dise, bounded by two slightly elevated ridges, between the ends of which the anterior 
margin of the thorax is emarginate, ‘Che anterior angles in all three species are very 
acute and prominent. 


E. pruinosus, rufo-piceous, shining, with scarcely any metallic lustre, elongate oval convex, surface moderately, 
coarsely and not densely punctured, elytral punctures not in striw. Eyes with supra-orbital ridge limited within by a 
distinct longitudinal groove. Thorax broader than long; anteriorly, feebly emarginate, angles rectangular, sides 
feebly rounded from the base, marginal line slightly convex downwards, base feebly sinuate, angles scarcely acute. 
Beneath, very coarsely and sparsely, abdomen finely and densely punctured, and with a very sparse and short pubes- 


cence. Length .48 inch. When recent, covered with a tine cinereous eftorescence. 
Collected by mysclf in Owens’ Valley, Cal.; Arizona, Coll. Lee. 


With this species commences a series in which the thorax is similar in both sexes, and 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 265 


the anterior angles of the thorax are less acute and prominent than in the three preceding 
species. From canaliculatus, with the female of which it may be confounded, it may be 
readily distinguished by its coarser and less dense punctures, by its color and by the 
strong supra-orbital ridges with the longitudinal groove within. 

E. dentiger, dark wneous, elongate oval convex, surface not coarsely and very sparsely punctured. Thorax 
broader than long, narrowed in frout, feebly emarginate anteriorly, sides feebly rounded from the base, angles acute, 
base strongly sinuate. Elytra with cinereous pubescence arranged in irregular patches, apex apparently emarginate, 
marginal line of elytra not extending to apex, but terminating in a small tooth near it. Base of elytra emarginate 
and with a faint impression within the humeri. Beneath, finely punctured and sparsely covered with cinereous pu- 
bescence. Length .46-.48 inch. 

Not rare at Camp Grant, Arizona, under the bark of mesquit. May readily be dis- 
tinguished from all the species by the peculiar arrangement of the pubescence, as well as 
by the apparent emargination of the elytra (when viewed from above) caused by the ab- 


rupt termination of the marginal line of the elytra in a small tooth near the apex. 


E. tomentosus, Lec., N. 8. 376, p. 109. Florida. Length .40 inch. 


E. plumbeus, Lec., N.S., 375, p. 109. 


These two species have the thorax much more transverse and with less evident ante- 
rior angles, than any of the preceding species. From each other they may be readily dis- 
tinguished by the characters in the table, as well as by those given by their author. 
E. plumbeus has more rugose elytra than any other species. 

Length .40 inch. 


Occurs in the 'Trans-Mississippi region. 


The Epitragi of the whole Western Continent appear to need a thorough revision, no 
monograph to my knowledge having ever been published. From the small amount of 
study given to the species foreign to our fauna, the groups appear sufficiently well marked 
and the species so abundantly distinct, that the task would prove by no means a difficult 


one to any student with large series of specimens. 


SCHOENICUS, Lec. 


Schoenicus, Lec., New Species, p. 109. 


8S. puberulus, Lece., loc. cit. p. 110. 


The description of this insect has been so recently published, that further comments 
are unnecessary. 
Length .34 inch, 


Found in Georgia, Florida, and New Jersey (Cab, Ent. Soc). 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—67 


266 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


TRIBE IV—CNEMODINI. 


Mentum large, completely filling the gular space, lateral processes of gula triangular, 
applied against sides of mentum, Front with a prominent middle lobe completely con- 
cealing the labrum. Prosternum not produced. Mesosternum short, not prominent be- 
tween the coxe; cox entirely enclosed by sterna, trochantin visible. Metasternum long, 
(body winged) parapleure parallel. Intercoxal process of abdomen acute. ‘Tarsi with 
two rows of short spine-like hairs. Legs slender, anterior with the apical angle produced 


and with a single short spur. Antennie 11-jointed, last joint oval acuminate. 


CNEMODUS, Horn. 


Mentum large, transverse, concealing maxillee and ligula, hexagonal, rounded in front. 
Labrum concealed. Mandibles deeply emarginate and with an acute,tooth at tip, and 
deeply grooved on their outer face. Maxillary palpi short, first joint obconical and larger, 
second shortest, last oval. Front with a prominent middle lobe, with a reflexed margin 
and emarginate, sides of front broadly rounded; head short, broader than long, eyes 
prominent and coarsely granulated. Antennie equalling half the length of body, rather 
slender, slightly thicker at tip, glabrous; joints nearly equal in length, except eleventh, 
which is shorter, oval and acuminate at tip; joints thickened at distal extremity. ‘Thorax 
slightly transverse, somewhat narrower than the elytra. Scutellum triangular, longer 
than wide. Epipleure extending to the tips of elytra, narrow, anteriorly badly defined, 
Legs slender, tarsi long, slender, exceeding in length their respective tibie; joints slender, 
cylindrical, last joint longer. Anterior tibiae flattened, external apical angle prolonged, 
and with an acute tooth at middle of external edge, and with a single spur. 

With the above characters I define a tribe and genus having nothing known to me, 
allied to them. In form the unique species resembles /ypselops, Sol, and it is possible 
that this South American genus should be associated with the one now under considera- 
tion. So many curious characters are found blended in this insect, that it is really dif fi- 
cult to tell to which most prominence should be given, The legs bear a striking resem- 
blance to those of some of our Lamellicornia, as Macrodactylus or Dichelonycha. 


C. testaceus, yellowish testaceous, head obtuse, as long as broad, moderately coarsely punctured between and 
in front of the eyes. Thorax wider than long, convex, sides broadly rounded, anteriorly feebly emarginate, angles 
obtuse, posteriorly truncate angles distinct, dise nearly smooth, moderately shining, more coarsely punctured toward 
the lateral margins. Marginal line scarcely distinct, pronotum almost continuous with the flank. Elytra elongate, 
subparallel, twice as long as head and thorax, surface shining, and densely aciculately punctured, humeral angles dis- 
tinet, obtuse. Beneath faintly and sparsely punctured and sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. Length .32, 
width .11 inch. 

The whole surface of the body appears to have been, when recent, covered with very 


short, sparsely placed, sub-erect hairs. Those on the under surface of the body are short, 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 267 


sparse and recumbent, except upon the prosternum, where they are much longer and 
erect. For the unique of this interesting species I am indebted to Capt. John EK, Hill, of 
the California Volunteers, to whose industry, exercised under the excessive heat of the 


Summer at Fort Yuma, I owe many fine species, 


TRIBE V—THINOBATINI. 


Body more or less elongate oval, with or without wings. Epistoma broadly rounded, 
without prominent middle lobe. Mentum large, concealing the parts above. Middle 
cox without trochantin, cox enclosed by sterna. Intercoxal process of abdomen acute. 
Tarsi ciliate beneath, 

As here recognised but two genera constitute the tribe, as follows : 

Anterior tibie with outer angle prolonged. EURYMETOPON, 


Hy “ truncate at tip. EMMENASTUS. 

The character made use of by Lacordaire for defining the groups of genera of the tribe, 
appears to be of no value whatever, species occuring in both our genera with and with- 
out wings. 

EURYMETOPON, Esch. 

Eurymetopon, Esch., Zool. Atl. TV, p. 8. 

In this genus the apical angle of the anterior tibice is prolonged and acute, and the 
eyes have a well defined supra-orbital ridge. 

Our species are as follows : 

Margin of front continuous. Winged. rufipes. 

Not winged. convexicolle, 
bicolor. 
Margin of front with a shght notch on each side. 


Anterior tibi scarcely serrate, winged. punctulatum. 
sodalis. 
Anterior tibic distinctly serrate, winged. serratum. 

E. rufipes, Esch., Atlas LV, p. 8; pl. 18, fig. 1; abnorme Lee. Ann, Lye. 5, 188. 

Not rare under mesquit bark, Arizona. 

‘The synonymy is determined from a duplicate of Eschscholtz’s type in the cabinet of 
Dr. Leconte, who described his species under the impression that 7u/ipes was apterous. 

Length .80-.35 inch. 

E. convexicolle, Lee. loc. cit. 

Very distinct by its much more robust form, shorter, and apterous, Is not rare under 
stones everywhere in California. 


Length .30 inch. 


to 
or) 
oo) 


REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID OF AMERICA, 


E. bicolor, elongate oval, convex, head and thorax brownish ferruginous, remainder of body black. Head 
densely and coarsely punctured, more sparsely near the occiput. Thorax transverse, one-half broader than long, 
slightly narrower in front, densely and coarsely and at the sides confluently punctured; anteriorly feebly emarginate 
angles not prominent; posteriorly bisinuate angles acute, moderately prominent; sides broadly rounded from the base 
to apex. Elytra black, oval, closely acieulately punctured in striz, interstices more finely punctured. Prosternum 
very coarsely and confluently punctured, pectus and abdomen coarsely and moderately densely punctured, legs and 
antenne ferruginous. Length .26 inch. 

Quite distinct from convecicolle by the characters above given. ‘The hind angles are 
more acute and prominent than in any other of our species. Specimens rarely occur in 


which the entire color is black. It is also more robust than the species already referred to. 


E. punctulatum, Lec., N. Spec., 366, p. 105. 

One of the most singular species of the genus in several characters. The penultimate 
abdominal segment in the male is short and broadly emarginate, as in the other species. 
The same segment in the female has a deep emargination each side of the middle, leaving 
a central acute tooth or lobe extending to the middle of the last segment. In this and 
the following species the line of the front is not continuous. On each side of the front at 
the termination of the supraorbital ridge, is a slight notch, being in this genus the last 
trace of the trilobed front seen in all the preceding genera, 


Length .27 inch, 


E. sodalis, alate, brown, scarcely shining. 


> 


elongate oval, head coarsely and densely, thorax less densely punc- 
tured. Thorax broader than long, sides broadly rounded, scarcely narrower in front, angles obtuse. Elytra aciculately 
punctured in distinct strive. Beneath very sparsely punctured. Feet, palpi, antenne and margin of front paler. 
Length .22-.24 inch. 

Not rare in Owens’ Valley, and occasionally found at Fort Yuma, California. 

Differs from the preceding in having the sides of the thorax regularly rounded, scarcely 
rounded anteriorly, and by the anterior angles being obtuse, as well as in the absence of 
the peculiar sexual characters of the preceding. 

E. serratum, Lec., N. 8. 367, p. 106. 

This species has the anterior tibie distinctly and, for its size, strongly serrate. 


Length .12 inch. 


E. ochraceum, Esch., loc. cit. 


Is unknown to me, I suspect it to be an immature specimen of comreicolle, Lec, 


EMMENASTUS, Motsch, (emend. Lec.) 
Emmenastus, Motsch., Bull. Mose. 1845, 1, 75. 
Regarding this genus there may yet be room for some doubt. Mannerheim states 
that KE. rugosus, Motsch., the type of the genus, is merely a specimen of Blapstinus pul- 


verulentus, while in the cabinet of Dr, Leconte a specimen of Coniontis subpubescens bears 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 269 


the name of E. rugosus, from the hand of Motschulsky. While rejecting the typical 
species to the doubtful list, the genus must be retained, an illustration of the prediction of 
a genus by an author who at the same time commits a specific blunder in doing it. 

Our species thus far known, are as follows: 

Winged species—metasternum long. texanus. 
longulus. 
Apterous species—metasternum short. 

Larger species ; fuscous or ferruginous. punctatus. 
subopacus, 
pinguis. 

Small species; black, with paler legs. 

Margin of thorax sub-parallel behind middle; angles 
rectangular, ater. 
Margin of thorax sinuate near hind angle, angle acute. acutus. 
" “ « — younded and gradually narrowing to 
apex. obesus, 
Margin of thorax rounded, wider at middle, angles 
obtuse. obtusus., 

E. texanus, Lec., N. Spec. 372, p. 108. Texas. Length .30 inch. 

E. longulus, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 138. (Eurymetopon) Southern Cal. and Arizona. 

‘This species differs from the preceding in having the base of the thorax much less dis- 
tinctly sinuate, angles more obtuse. ‘The surface of thorax at middle is very sparsely 
and at the sides confluently punctured, while in texanus the surface is densely and very 
evenly punctured. 

E. punctatus, Lec., N. Spec. 368, p. 106. Lower California. 

Recalls the form of Kurymetopon rufipes. Length .30-.37. 

E. subopacus. Elongate oval, subopaque, moderately convex, head densely and coarsely punctured; thorax 
coarsely and moderately densely punctured, punctures more dense at the sides; wider than long, narrowed in front, 
anteriorly emarginate, posteriorly truncate, sides feebly rounding from the base, angles obtuse. Elytra distinctly 
punctured in striw, interstices flat, subopaque and smooth. Beneath paler, prothorax and pectus densely and coarsely 
punctured, abdomen not coarsely and moderately punctured. Length .35 inch. 


Found at Fort Grant, Arizona, under stones. ‘Third much more convex than punctatus 
and more elongate and less obese than pinguis. 

E. pinguis. Lee., N. Spec., p. 107. Lower Cal. 

A very robust Coniontis-like form. 

Length .30 inch. 


E. ater, Lee., Ann. Lye. 5, 139. (Eurymetopon.) California. 
Black, with brownish or ferruginous legs, regularly oval and convex. Thorax with 


the sides parallel behind the middle and with the angles rectangular. Length .20 inch. 
AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—68 


270 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDZ OF AMERICA, 


BE. acutus. Black, subopaque, elongate oval, convex. Head and thorax densely and coarsely punctured. 
Thorax broader than long, narrower at apex, base truncate, sides broadly rounded anteriorly, sinuate near hind angles, 
which are acute. Elytra oval, punctured in irregular strive, truncate at base, humeral angles acute and prominent. 
Beneath coarsely and not densely punctured. Length .19 inch. 

Nebraska, collec. Leconte. Can with difficulty be distinguished from ater except by 
the margin and angles of thorax. 

E. obesus, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, p. 188 (Eurymetopon); eonverus, Lec., N. Spee. 8, p. 107. 

T unite the above two species, being unable to discover any difference save a little 
more rounding of the sides of thorax, 

From Califomia, New Mexico and Nebraska. Length .20-.26 inch, 

E. obtusus, Lec., N. Spee., p. 107. 

This is much flatter than any of the smaller species, more elongate and with the sides 
of the thorax more strongly rounded and narrower at base than middle. 

Middle California. Length .30 inch, 

E. rugosus, Motsch., Bull. Mose. 1845, 1, p. 75. 

Is unknown and the description unrecognisable. 

From Sitkha. 


TRIBE VI—BATULIINI. 


Mentum large, concealing ligula but exposing the bases of the maxilla, and with a 
broad gular peduncle. Middle coxie entirely enclosed by sterna, trochantin invisible. In- 
tercoxal process of abdomen. triangular. Legs short, tibial spurs distinct. ‘Tarsi short, 
spinose beneath. 

I have removed Anepsius from the tribe, as it has the middle cox open externally 
and the trochantin visible. It will be found in the next sub-family. ‘The single genus 


Batulius constitutes this tribe, containing but two species. 


BATULIUS, Lec. 
Batulius, Lee., Ann. Lye. V. 148. 
B. setosus, Lee., Ann. Lyc. 5, 148. 


Length .14 inch. 

Occurs in the Deserts of the Gila. 

B. rotundicollis, Lee., Ann. Lye. 5, 148. 

‘These are both small testaceous insects. The former is. the larger, more robust and 
sparsely covered with yellowish hairs. The sides of the thorax are broadly rounded and 
the disc more convex. In rofundicollis the thorax is shorter, somewhat narrower behind, 
and less strongly rounded on the sides, 

Length .10 inch, 


Occurs with the preceding. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, Papa 


TRIBE VII—ZOPHERINI. 


Mentum large, barely concealing ligula and maxille, inserted on a broad short gular 
process, Middle cox entirely enclosed by sterna, without trochantin, Anterior coxe 
widely separated. ‘Tibial spurs very minute. Eyes very finely granulate. Body elon- 
gate, apterous and covered with asperities. 

Four genera are comprised in this tribe:— 

Tarsi sulcate ; ligula concealed. 


Antenne received in deep grooves. 


Joints 9-11, connate, truncate at tip. ZOPHERUS. 
Ole ey pomteds: PHLMODES, 
Antennal cavities obsolete behind, antennz as in Phloeodes. NOSERUS. 


Tarsi not suleate; eyes prominent, antenne not received in grooves. 


Antenne with joint 10 broader than 9 and 11, and free. PHELLOPSIS. 


ZOPHERUS, De Cast. 


Zopherus, Cast., Hist. Nat. Ins., Col. IT, p. 205. 


The Zopheri are much more convex than the species of the other genera of this sub- 
family, and present well defined specific differences among themselves, 
Six species are known to inhabit our 'Territories— 
Elytra quadrituberculate at apex. nodulosus. 
Elytra bituberculate at apex. 
Body above with narrow white marginal band from anterior 
angle of thorax to apex of elytra. elegans. 
Body above entirely black. 
Elytra with smooth elevated tubercles. 


Tubercles round, very convex, approximate and shining. concolor. 


Tubercles round, flattened, distant and subopaque. guttulatus. 
Tubercles elongate, flattened, moderately shining. PUL Sta. 
Elytra finely granulate, opaque. opacus. 


Elytra finely punctured, moderately shining. erecilis:. 


Z. nodulosus, Sol.,* Ann. Ent. Soc. France V—42. Texas. 


* Since this paper has been placed in the hands of the Society for publication, I have been informed by letter 
from M. A. Sallé, of Paris, that our common Texan species quoted in all American authors as Z. nodulosus, Sol., is 
not that species, and should receive another name. Ina monograph of all the species of Zopherus, prepared but still 

unpublished, Sallé proposes to call it Haldemani. A true specimen of nodulosus, Sol., is now before me, having 
“been sent me by Sallé, to whom the type was accessible. Nodulosus is more elongate, less robust and rather less con- 
vex. The black spots of the thorax are more numerous and cover a larger space without becoming confluent into a 


large patch, as in haldemani. The black spots of the sutural row are small, elongate oval, distant and not confluent 


DH Ps REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID OF AMERICA, 


This very beautiful little species may be readily known by the characters above given. 
‘The narrow white margin of the elytra is equal to about a third of the width of each ely- 
tron. ‘The rounded elevated black tubercles contained in this white space are much more 
distinct than on any other portion of the elytral surface, ‘Toward the suture they become 
more flattened, their arrangement more confused and their boundaries very poorly defined, 
so that they appear to range from one unto the other. 

A single specimen collected by D. Palmer, in the Canon de Chelly, New Mexico, and 
kindly placed at my disposal, through the Agricultural Bureau at Washington. 

Occurs in eastern New Mexico, at the base of Rocky Mts. 

Z. concolor, Lec., Ann. Lye. V. 130. 

Z guttulatus, Horn, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1867-160. 

Southwestern Texas, Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. 

Z. tristis, Lee., Aun. Lye. V. 130. Colorado and Gila Deserts. 

Not rare at Fort Grant, Arizona, under loose bark of mesquit. 

Z. opacus, Horn, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1867-161. 

Specimens from Nevada, in my cabinet and that of H. Ulke. 

Z. gracilis, Horn, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1867-161. 

Unique specimen from Fort Whipple, Arizona, in cabinet of Dr. Leconte. 

A monograph of our species may be found in ‘Trans. Ent. Soc. of Philadelphia, 1867, 


pp. 159 et Seq. 


PHLCODES, Lee. 
Phlaodes, Lee., Class. Col. N. A. p. 216. 
Ageonoma, Pascoe, Journ. Ent. IL, p. 487. 
‘Two species from California belong here. Both are moderately elongate, depressed 


insects, with surface very coarsely sculptured. 


into a long black stripe, as in haldemant. In the former species the elytra have the black spots between the suture 
and sides much larger and more numerous, while the similar region not only of the elytra but also of thorax in halde- 
mini, is in major part white. The white patches of the under surface are larger in nodulosus and oceur on each 
side of the head, prosternum, meso and metasternum, and first, second and third abdominal segments. In all cabinets 
the name Z. haldemani, Sallé, should be substituted for that of Z. nodulosus, ¢ Hald. 

Z. elegans, similar in form to ¢réstis or concolor, but rather more slender; black, subopaque; thorax longer than 
broad, broader in front, sides moderately rounded and gradually narrowing to base, surface moderately convex, with 
sparsely placed distinctly muricate punctures, each bearing a scale-like hair; margins with a narrow white space, in 
which are included moderately elevated, smooth round black tubercles. Elytra elongate oval, narrower than the 
thorax, moderately convex and with nine rows of tubercles more confused and less distinet at the suture, and becom- 
ing more rounded, distinet and distant toward the sides, where there is a narrow band of white containing three of 
the rows of tubercles. Body beneath black and opaque, very sparsely punctured, each puncture with a seale. 


Length .60 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, & 


+l 
ce 


P. diabolieus, (Nosoderma) Ann, Lye. 5-130, and Pacif. R. R. Reports and Surveys EX, Append. 1, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

From California. Abundant at San Jose. Length .6-.8 inch. 

T. pustulosus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A. 216, (Nosoderma); Proce. Acad. 1859-77. 

Differs from the preceding in the much finer granulation of the surface, and by the 
total absence of the white patches at the humeri and apices of elytra. Both species occur 
under dead oak bark, pustulosus being very abundant at ‘Tejon. 

Length .60-.85 ich. 

NOSERUS, Lec. 

Noserus, Lec., Class. Coll. N. Am. 216, 

N. plicatus, Lee., loc. cit. (Nosoderma) Lec., Proce. Acad. 1859-77. 


Not rare at Fort Tejon, under oak bark. 
Length .55-.72 inch. 

PHELLOPSIS, Zec. 
Phellopsis, Lec., Class. Coll. N. Am. 216. 


P. porcata, Lee., loc. cit. (Nosoderma) Lec., Proc. Acad. 6-235. 
Occurs abundantly in Oregon. 
Length .55-.62 inch. 


P. obcordata, Lee., Class. Coll. N. Am. 216; (Boletophagus) Kirby, N. Z. 236. Eastern and Middle States 


and Canada. 

These two species are closely allied and not easy to describe as distinct. Porcate is, 
however, dark brown, while o/cordata is ferruginous brown. Both species may be described 
as having the following elytral sculpture: Ist. A sutural elevated ridge. 2d. A ridge ex- 
tending from the base of elytra more or less continuous, terminating in a tubercle. 3d. A 
short ridge. ‘These are separated from each other by a row of deep perforations. In por- 
cata the second ridge is continuous and the third not very prominent; in obcordata, the 
second ridge is interrupted at its lower half, and consequently not reaching the tubercle, 
and the third very prominent. Similar in length to the preceding. 


TRIBE VIII—USECHINI. 


Mentum moderately large, broadly rounded in front and barely concealing the ligula. 
Middle cox enclosed by sterna, trochantin not visible. Coxe widely separated. Tarsi 
not sulcate beneath. Antenne eleven jointed; joints free, last rounded and larger than 
preceding. Antennal groove marginal, visible from above. Eyes rounded, coarsely 
granulated. ‘ 

USECHUS, Motsch. 

Usechus, Motsch., Bull. Mose. 1845-1, p. 79. 

U. lacerta, Motsch., loc. cit. Rhagodera tuberculata, Motsch., (nec Mannerheim) Etudes Entom. Ann. Y. 
p. 22. 

Found near Santa Cruz, Cal. Length .20 inch. 

For a fuller account of this insect see Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867-293. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—69 


274 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID-E OF AMERICA, 


TRIBE IX—STENOSIINI, 


Mentum large, inserted on a gular peduncle, maxillee exposed, ligula partly visible. 
Trochantin not visible. Coxe moderately separated. Legs feeble, tibial spurs obsolete. 
Tarsi ciate. Antenne eleven jointed.  Elytra feebly embracing body, Head strongly 
constricted behind, Eyes divided (in our species), coarsely granulated, 


One genus in our territory belongs to this tribe. 


ARAOSCHIZUS, Lee. 

Arwoschizus, Lee., Ann. Lye. V. 188. 

It is incorrect that the eyes have been said to be entire. ‘They are divided by the 
side of the head, the larger portion being enclosed between the margin and another lon- 
gitudinal elevation, while a smaller portion, sometimes of only three or four lenses (in 
costipennis), is visible beneath, Attention was directed to this by the discovery of a 
second species in which one-third of the eye is below the margin of the head. 

A. costipennis, Lee., Ann. Lye. V. 138; Lae. Genera, Pl. 49, fig. 4; Thomson, Arcana, Pl. XIII, fig. 11. 

Occurs from Vallecito, Cal., to near Fort Cummings, New Mexico. 

Figured by Lacordaire, Gen. des Coleop., pl. 49, fig. 4 (poor figure). 

A. sulcicollis, light brown, head elongate oval, gradually narrowing behind the eyes, coarsely punctured, 
each puncture bearing a yellowish scale-like hair, epistoma smoother; thorax longer than broad, smaller and narrower 
than head, dise coarsely punctured and with yellowish scale-like hairs; slightly channelled longitudinally and with 
two obtuse elevated ridges bounding the groove; thorax narrower behind, sides anteriorly strongly rounded, poste- 
riorly sinuate with distinct angles, apex and base truncate; elytra elongate oval, humeral angles not distinct, with 
four acute cost on each elytron, interstices flat, with a double row of very coarse punctures; body beneath rather 
finely punctured and with sparsely placed yellowish scales. Legs with yellowish scale-like hairs. Length .16 inch. 

Collected in Owens’ Valley, California, under stones in very dry places, and very fre- 
quently, though probably merely accidentally, with ants. Very abundant during Spring 
and Summer. 

Ditters from all our other species by the very narrow thorax. Anteriorly the sides 
are broadly rounded, posteriorly becoming sinuate and narrowing so that the base is one- 
half smaller than the broadest part of the thorax. ‘The elytra are elongate oval as in cos- 
tipennis, the cost have a row of recumbent scale-like hairs, the interstices are usually 
flat, though at times faintly carinate. The elytral cost are four in number (including 
the sutural), the first and second do not extend to the tip and are unequal in length, the 
first being longer, the third extends from within the humeri to the apex, the fourth is 
marginal and unites with the third near the apex. 

A. regularis, dark brown, head rotundate-oval, broadly rounded behind the eyes; thorax longer than broad, 
seareely narrower or smaller than the head, dise feebly channelled, anteriorly and posteriorly truncate, sides ante- 
riorly rounded, gradually narrowing posteriorly.  Elytra elongate oval, costate, interspaces flat with a double row of 


very coarse punctures. Length .18 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 210 


Fort Grant, Arizona, under stones, not common. In sculpture and the arrangement 
of the scale-like hairs this species resembles the last, but differs in color and form of head 
and thorax. 

A. armatus, dark brown, head oval, rounded and narrowing behind the eyes, and suddenly narrowing to form 
the neck, with its hind angles moderately distinct; thorax subquadrate, feebly channelled, sides feebly rounded an- 
teriorly and slightly narrowing behind. Elytra oval, cost less distinct, interstices slightly carinated and with two 
rows of coarse punctures. Anterior femora armed at middle with a small acute tooth, middle femora with a tubercle, 


posterior femora mutic. Length .16 inch. 

One specimen, Owens’ Valley, collected during October, 1862. 

As in the preceding species, the head, thorax, edges of coste, under surface of body 
and legs are sparsely covered with the yellowish scale-like hairs. 

The species of this genus seem to be becoming numerous. Doubtless others remain 
in the unexplored desert regions of the West, to reward any one who has sufficient pa- 
tience to find stones under which they can find lodgment, and endurance to withstand 
the heat that has been as high as 125° Fahr. in as protected a place as possible, and 
during the season too, when Tenebrionide are most abundant. 

To facilitate the recognition of these species, I add the following table: 


Femora mutic, unarmed. 


Thorax not channelled on disc. costipennis. 
Thorax with disc grooved. 
Head elongate oval, thorax much narrower behind. sulcicollis. 
Head rotundate-oval, thorax feebly narrowed. regularis., 


Femora (anterior and middle) armed with a small acute tooth or 
tubercle at middle, armatus. 
Costipennis, Lec., differs besides by having the hairs on the surface of the body darker 
in color, and on the edges of the coste almost erect. The thorax regularly convex and 
all the angles more distinct. ‘The species are all nearly uniform in size, varying only 
from .15-.18 inch. 


TRIBE X—DACODERINI. 


Mentum large lunate, concealing base of maxille, ligula exposed. Middle coxe en- 
closed by sterna, anterior coxve contiguous. Antenne ten-jointed, eyes oval, coarsely granu- 


lated. Head suddenly constricted behind. ‘Tibial spurs very small, tarsi pubescent. 


DACODERUS, Lee. 
Dacoderus, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1858, 74. 
D. striaticeps, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858-74; Thomson, Arcana, 1, pl. XII, fig. 6. 
A single genus and species constitutes this tribe, remarkable for the contiguity of the 


276 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


anterior cox. ‘The head is suddenly constricted behind the eyes, partly forming the an- 
gle. ‘The eyes are oval, longitudinal and bounded beneath by the margin of the head. 
The thorax is strongly constricted at its middle, with a tubercle on each side bridging 
the constriction and uniting above the parts before and behind it. ‘The elytra are elongate 
oval, flattened above, emarginate at base, with the angles very distinct ; epipleure narrow. 

Length .18—.20 inch. : 

This insect, recalling remarkably the Rhyssodes, is found over a large extent of 
country, and is probably not rare, specimens being found from Vallecito, Cal., to Fort 
Grant, Arizona. It usually occurs in small colonies of three or four, tnder stones in very 
dry places, and when captured feigns death so persistently that I have never seen one 
walking. 

‘There remains but one insect described in this sub-family whose position has been un- 
accounted for, Dysmathes Sahlbergii, Mann, From the measurements and characters as- 
signed to this insect, Iam inclined to believe it identical with the Amphizoa insolens. 
Lec., and so stated some months since in a verbal communication to the American Ent. 
Society. 

Sub-Family [L—ASIDIDUE. 

The essential character of this sub-family is,—the middle coxwe are not entirely en- 
closed by the sterna, but are open externally and completed by the parapleure. ‘The 
The trochantin is here always more or less visible. ‘The tarsi are for the most part spinose, 
in but one genus silky pubescent (Nyctoporis). 

This sub-fiimily consists in our fauna of six tribes, which may be arranged in the fol- 
lowing order : 

Labrum scarcely visible ; 
Anterior tibie broadly dilated. ANEPSIINI. 


Anterior tibiee slender, 


‘Tarsi pubescent, spurs minute, gen prominent, NYCTOPORINI. 
‘Tarsi setose, spurs large, genee not prominent. CRYPTOGLOSSINI. 


Labrum prominent, in great part visible ; 


Intercoxal process of abdomen broad, truncate ; 


Mentum large, ligula scarcely visible. ASIDINI. 
Mentum small, ligula linate exposed. BRANCHINI, 
Intercoxal process acute, triangular. CONIONTINI. 


TRIBE | XI—ANEPSINI. 
Mentum moderate, supported by a short broad gular peduncle, ligula concealed, max- 


illee visible, Epistoma rounded in front, labrum entirely concealed. Middle cox open 


NORTH OF MEXICO. pe 


+t 
-1 


externally. Anterior tibia broadly dilated with stout spurs, tarsi with spinose hairs be- 


neath. Antenne slightly thicker externally. 


ANEPSIUS, Lee. 
Anepsius, Lec., Ann. Lye. V. p. 147. 
A. delicatulus, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 147-148. 


A small (.17 inch) insect, with brownish head and thorax and black elytra. ‘The 
thorax and head are confluently punctured, the elytra punctured in striae. ‘The eyes are 
almost entirely divided. The under surface and legs are ferruginous. Occurs at Valle- 


cito (Leconte), and in Owens’ Valley, where many specimens were found under stones. 


TRIBE XII—NYCTOPORINI. 


Mentum moderate, supported by a short broad gular peduncle, ligula hardly visible, 
base of mavxille exposed, gene very prominent. Anterior tibie slender, spurs small on 
all the legs, tarsi silky pubescent beneath. 

NYCTOPORIS, Esch. 

Nyctoporis, Esch., Zool. Atl. TV, p. 11. 

This genus, only one of the tribe, is remarkable for the vestiture of its tarsi. Its spe- 
cies appear to be confined exclusively to maritime California, and to the region of the 
Coast Range. 

Our species are four in number, as follows: 


Head strongly carinate. 


Thorax with two deep fovec. cristata. 
galeata. 
Thorax not foveate, carina ta, 
Head not carinate; thorax not foveate. equicollis, 


N. cristata, Esch., Atlas Heft. IV, p. 11, a very rare species. Length .50 inch. 

N. galeata, Lec., Pacif. R. R. Rep. IX, Append. I, p. 49, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

‘This species is closely allied to the preceding, and it is very doubtful whether they are 
distinct. A typical specimen of cristata is in the collection of Dr, Leconte, and we are 
thus enabled to make perfect comparisons. In both species the elytra are ornamented 
with acute ridges interrupted, forming rather a series of short elevations or catenulations. 
The only essential difference between the two species appears to be in these ridges. In 
cristata they are rather longer, less acute on top and higher than in guleata, The two 
forms thus appear to differ strikingly at first sight, but an analysis shows but little of spe- 
cific value, and it is highly probable that other forms from the northern portion of Cali- 
fornia will unite the two. Found abundantly near San Francisco, 

Length .50 inch. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—T0 


278 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDH OF AMERICA, 


N. carinata, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5-138. 

Differs from the two preceding in the absence of thoracic fovew and in the elytral 
sculpture. In this species the elytral costs are alternately continuous and interrupted, 
the former being higher and crenulate, the latter merely rows of small elevations between 
the higher costae, 

Not rare in Southern California (Tejon, San Pedro and San Diego). 

Length .50-.62 inch. 

N. equicollis, Esch., loc. cit. 

The head is not cristate, the thorax not foveate, and the elytra ornamented with rows 
of elongated tubercles less prominent than in any of the preceding species. Not rare at 
San Francisco and ‘Tejon. 


Length .50 inch. 


TRIBE XIII—CRYPTOGLOSSINI. 


Labrum almost entirely concealed. Eyes reniform, not coarsely granulated. Mentum 
moderately large, supported by a broad gular peduncle, exposing maxille and concealing 
ligula. Elytra with narrow epipleare and moderately embracing the body. Body apter- 
ous. ‘Tibize with moderately long, slender spurs. ‘Tarsi spinous beneath, 

The genera of this tribe are two in number, and difter as follows: 

Last joint of antenne oval, acute, scarcely smaller than preceding joint ; 

antenne scarcely flattened. CENTRIOPTERA, 
Last joint of antenne truncate, much smaller than preceding joint ; 

antenne strongly flattened. CRYPTOGLOSSA. 

I have found it necessary, owing to the discovery of new species, to annex the genus 
Oochila, Lee., to Centrioptera, the form of mesosternum being a character of scarcely any 
value in this genus, and the denticulation of the hind thighs of still less; specimens un- 
doubtedly C. spiculifera, are in my cabinet, with almost entirely smooth thighs, while spe- 
cimens of Oochila have thighs with rather coarse granules. The degree of rugosity or 
spiculation of the elytra at its sides, appears to determine the presence or absence of the 


femoral denticulations, and is consequently not even of specitic value. 


CENTRIOPTERA, Jlann. 
Mann. Bull. Mose. 1843, p. 249. Oochila, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p- 220. Asbolus (part) Lee. 
For convenience in recognising our species I add the following table : 
Elytra with series of more or less evident tubercles becoming spiculate at the sides near 
apex. Hind thighs within more or less denticulate or granulate. 


Prosternum produced behind the cox, 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 


(os) 
-) 
io) 


Head and thorax smooth. 
Mesosternum slightly declivous. 
Mentum very coarsely punctured, convex at middle, spiculifera. 
Mentum nearly smooth, with a longitudinal median 
ridge. MUTUGa ta. 
Mesosternum and metasternum exactly on same plane. asperata. 
Head and thorax very coarsely punctured, variolosa. 
: Prosternum not produced, truncate ; elytra scarcely spiculiferous, seriata. 
Elytra striato-punctate, not at all spiculiferous, prosternum produced, 
hind thighs distinctly granulate within. (Thorax broader than 
long.) infausta. 

C.-spiculifera, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861-337. 

Our largest species, distinguished from muricata by the greater development of the 
spicule at the sides of the elytra near the apex, and by the difference in sculpture of 
mentum. The mentum is very coarsely and even confluently punctured, and broadly 
convex along the median line, bounded on each side by an oblique shallow groove. This 
sculpture of mentum seems to distinguish from the succeeding species, individuals as small 
and as smooth as that species usually presents. 

I believe this species to be identical with that of Mannerheim (caraboides), but cannot 
settle the question definitely without a type of that species or some fuller description. 

Not rare on the peninsula of Lower California. 

Length 1.08 inch. 

C. muricata, Lec., Ann. Lyc. 5-142. 

Resembles the preceding, but is smaller and with much less developed spiculee. The 
mentum is smooth and with but few very distant large punctures, and with a longitudinal, 
more or less acute, median ridge. 

Occurs not very commonly on the Deserts of the Colorado and Gila rivers. One spe- 
cimen from Lower California. 

Length .55-.95 inch. 

C. asperata, black, moderately shining, elongate; head coarsely but not densely punctured. Thorax longer 
than broad, emarginate anteriorly, truncate posteriorly, sides broadly rounded, slightly narrowed behind, angles sub- 
acute, dise moderately convex, smooth and a few coarse punctures near the sides; elytra elongate oval, flattened on 
the disc, very declivous posteriorly, base truncate, humeral angles not prominent, ornamented with series of elevated 
tubercles, more or less acute on the disc, becoming more acute but scarcely separate posteriorly. Mentum evenly 
convex, very coarsely punctured. Hind thighs with a few coarse granules. Prosternum produced, broadly rounded 


at tip. Mesosternum flat beneath, vertical and emarginate in front. 


Length .70 inch. 
Collected by Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, on the peninsula of Lower California, but one speci- 
men obtained. 


280, REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


This species and the succeeding bear a remarkable resemblance to the figure of Cryp- 
toglossa bicostata, Ann, Soc. Entom. V., pl. 24, fig. 13, less the two cost of that species, 


C. variolosa, black, sub-opaque. Head very coarsely and in front densely punctured. Thorax as broad as 
long, emarginate in front, truncate behind, sides broadly rounded, slightly narrowed behind, angles rectangular, dise 
feebly convex, very coarsely punctured, becoming more dense at the sides and base.  Elytra elongate oval, truncate 
at base, moderately convex above, declivous behind, surface with regular series of elevated smooth tubercles, becom- 
ing rather more acute posteriorly, but not spiculate. Hind femora feebly granulate and coarsely punctured within. 
Mentum convex at middle with an oblique groove each side, and very coarsely and confluently punctured. Pro- and 
mesosternum as in the preceding species. Length .80 inch. 

Rather common at Fort Grant, Arizona, Numerous specimens were collected by my- 
self during the Winter of 1865. 

C. seriata, Lee., (Cryptoglossa) Proce. Acad. 1861, 887. Oochila seriata, Lec., List. Col. N. Am. Smith- 
sonian Collec. 140, p. 59. 

Differs from our other species by the truncate prosternum and the nearly smooth fem- 
ora. Mentum coarsely but not densely punctured. It cannot be separated from Centri- 
optera, and is but one link of the chain that will at no very distant day unite this genus 
with Cryptoglossa. 

Not rare in Lower California, Collected abundantly by Mr. Wm. M. Gabb. 

Length .75-.86 inch. 

C. infausta, Lee., (Asbolus) Proc. Acad. VU, 64. Oochilu infuusta, Lee., List. p. 59. 

The most robust and least convex of the species of the genus, resembling strongly our 
species of Cryptoglossa, particularly levis, Lec. ‘The elytra are not tuberculate, the hind 
femora are very coarsely granulate within, the prosternum produced. ‘The mentum is 
coarsely and sparsely punctured, with a slight depression in front. 

A single specimen from ‘Texas. Length .80 inch, 

©. caraboides, Mann., Bull. Mose. 1848-280, figured in Guerin Meney. Magaz. d. Zool. Ins. 18438, pl. 126. 

This species is unknown to us. It is very probable that spiculifera, Lec., is identical 
with it. 

CRYPTOGLOSSA, Sol. 

Cryptoglossa, Sol., Ann. Soe. Entom. V., 680. 

C. verrucosa, Lec., (Asbolus) Aun. Lye. 5-129; Lac. (Crypt.) Gen. Col. V., 138. 

Opaque, elytra with series of elevated tubercles, 

Abundant along the Gila, under dead Yucca. 

Length .65-.90 inch, 

C. levis, Lee., (Asbolus) loc. cit.; Lac. (Crypt.) loc. cit. 

Smooth, shining. Elytra entirely smooth, Not rare at Fort Yuma, Cal., under logs 
and stones, 


* Length .65-.70 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 981 


At no very distant day this genus and the preceding will have to be united. The 
only character separating them having proven to be of trifling value among the Asidini. 
Centrioptera infausta has already afforded a link uniting the forms of the species of both 
genera 


TRIBE XIV—ASIDINI. 


Mentum large, more or less completely hiding the parts above it, supported or not by 
a-gular process. Epistoma short, mandibles and labrum exposed, Last joint of maxillary 
palpi triangular and securiform. Antenne eleven-jointed, with the last joint smaller than 
the preceding. Middle cox usually with distinct trochantin. Intercoxal process of ab- 
men obtuse, not triangular, Jegs moderate, tarsi setose but not sulcate beneath. 

The genera of our fauna may be considered as representing two distinct sub-tribes, as 
follows : 

Middle coxe not enclosed by the sterna, angulate externally, and with a 
very distinct trochantin. ASIDI. 
Middle coxe closed by the sterna, rounded, trochantin very small or 


wanting. ASTROTI. 


A third sub-tribe is noticed by Lacordaire, containing the genus Machla, differing 
abundantly from either of the above tribes in the presence of grooves on the under surface 


of the thorax for the reception of the antenne, 


SUB-TRIBE I—ASIDI. 


Two genera constitute this tribe in our fauna: 
Inflexed portion of elytra narrow, composed entirely of epipleura. MICROSCHATIA, 
Inflexed portion of elytra wide; epipleuree very narrow and indistinct. ASIDA. 

In Asida the epipleuree are generally very indistinctly defined, while in Microschatia 


the suture is indicated by a well defined ridge forming the elytral margin. 
d oO fo) © 3) 


MICROSCHATIA, Sol. 
Microschatia, Sol., Ann. Soc. Ent. V., 774. 
Three species compose this genus and are defined as follows: 
Thorax narrower at base than at middle, and with median basal 1m- 
pression; elytra oval, 
Elytra with series of coarse punctures, thorax smooth. punctata. 
Elytra rugose, thorax coarsely and confluently punctured, inequalis. 
Thorax as broad at base as at middle, sides of elytra parallel in front, 
humeral angles distinct. 
Elytra sulcate, thorax smooth. sulcipennis. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—71 


282 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


M. punctata, Sol., Ann. Soc. Entom. V., p. 475; pl. 11, fig. 22. 


For several specimens of this species I must acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. 
Wm. M. Gabb, by whom they were collected on the peninsula of Lower California. 

Length .62-.82 inch. 

M. inwequalis, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., p. 129. Lacord. Gen., pl. 51, fig. 5. Puncticollis, Lec., (loc. cit=) 

I unite the two species of Dr. Leconte, there being no characters on which to separate 
them. ‘The latter form is, however, smoother, the rugosities of the elytra less defined, a 
character of but little value, as may be seen by examining other genera of the family 
(Phla@odes and Centrioptera), where age and locality cause the same species to vary 
greatly in this respect. M. inaequalis is not rare at San Diego, and occurs at Tejon and 
various places along the coast range. Puncticollis is from Warner's ranche, near the bor- 
ders of the Colorado desert. 

Length .60-.65 inch, 

M. suleipennis, Lee., Journ. Acad., Series IT, vol. IV, p. 18. 

Differs notably from the preceding species, and might with great propricty, according 
to the hitherto received rules, form a new genus. I prefer, however, to retain it in the 
genus in which it was placed by its author. The hind angles of the elytra are acute and 
overlap the rectangular humeral angles of the elytra. Its form is consequently near that 
of Asida opaca, From Llano Estacado, ‘Texas. 


Length .60 inch, 


ASIDA, Latr. 


Asida, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. X., p. 269. 

Pelecyphorus, Sol., Ann. Soe. Entom. V., p. 467. 

Euschides, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., p. 127. 

Philolithus, Lac., Genera des Coleop. V., 157. 

Under the older name of Latreille, it is proposed to assemble all the species of Asidini 
in which the trochantin of the middle cox is plainly visible, the antenne not received 
in thoracic grooves, and cleven-jointed. 

After a very careful study of our own and all the foreign species accessible to me, the 
differences between the genera as given by Lacordaire and Solier, have vanished com- 
pletely, so that while we have among typical Aside a very distinct prolongation of the ex- 
ternal apical angle of the anterior tibiee, and among the species referred to Philolithus a 
total want of such prolongation, numerous intermediate forms occur in our fauna to which 
it would be difficult to assign a place in either genus. Instead, therefore, of erecting 
these into genera as numerous as the species, (as has been too often done already) the 
more conservative plan of uniting all with one genus has been pursued. The presence or 


absence of prominent hind thoracie angles has also lad undue importance assigned to it. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 283 


The genus Asida must, according to the view here adopted, be considered as one of . 
those polymorphous genera, many of which are already known in the family, with species 
differing among themselves in characters of vastly less moment than those found among 
our species of Eleodes, as will be seen hereafter. 

A. opaca, Say, Journ. Acad. IIT, 254. (Eusechides) Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 127; Smithson. Contrib. 4to, 1859, 
Pl. 1; fig. 9. 

Abundant along the eastern base of Rocky Mts. 

Oval, opaque, humeral angles of elytra prominent, hind angles of thorax acute. Elytra 
with very indistinct, irregularly confluent elevations, 

Length .50-.68 inch, 

A. lirata, (Lec.) Proce. Acad. 7, 223. (Asida) Lec., List Col N. A. Arizona. 

Same form as opaca. Each elytron with 6 longitudinal cost on the disc, one sutural, 
and each with a marginal ridge. 

Length .60 inch. 

A. polita, Say, Journ. Acad. III, 255. 

Found with opaca. Form as in cpaca, hind angles of thorax rectangular. Elytra 
smooth, shining. Length .60 inch. 

A. sordida, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Proc. Acad. 6-446. Smithson. Contrib. 4to, 1859, pl. 1, fig. 11. 

The figure cited represents rather a robust form of the species. The hind angles of 
the thorax are acute and prominent, the disc very coarsely punctured. The elytra have a 
marginal acute ridge, and two on each elytron becoming confluent a short distance from 
the apex, the interstices being transversely wrinkled, As varieties of the species I add the 
following : 

P. costipennis, Lec., Journ. Acad. 2d Ser. 4-20. 

Differs from the preceding only in having the cost of the elytra better defined and 
the hind angles of the thorax rather more acute. 


P. inequalis, Lec., Journ. Acad. 2d Ser. 4-19. 
P. eger, Lec., oe oe sé “ec 


‘These two are smoother than the typical sordida. They cannot be regarded as spe- 
cifically distinct. Sordida and its varieties are all from eastern New Mexico and the ad- 
jacent regions to the eastward. 

A. egrota, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861-337. 

Thorax as long as broad, narrower behind, sides sinuate posteriorly, base emarginate, 
angles acute, prominent. Elytra similar in form to sordida, but more attenuate at apex, 
and more suddenly declivous, sides margined, disc with but one costa on each elytron, 
extending from near middle of base to two-thirds length of elytron and ending in an 
acute spine. The interstices between are as in sordida. Abundant in Lower California. 


Length .90 inch. 


ast REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


A. morbillosa, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 74. 

Philolithus id., Lac. Genres. Vol. V., p. 725. 

Resembles the preceding. The humeri of the elytra are toothed. The thorax is 
truncate behind with rectangular angles. The elytra are sculptured as in the preceding. 
The costa does not, however, end in a spine. Some specimens from Lower California 
differ from this type in the form of the thorax, being less convex along the middle and 
more nearly resembling the outline of egrota. The humeral angles are dentiform as in 
morbillosa, 1 do not feel warranted in describing it as distinct, but think it points to a 
union of grote and morhillosa, and when the desert regions of the California peninsula 
shall have been more thoroughly explored, intermediate forms will doubtless be found, 


Length .75 inch. 


A. actuosa, black opaque, head opaque, finely granulate; thorax quadrate, broader than long, sides moder- 
ately rounded, margin finely crenulate, anteriorly emarginate, angles acute, posteriorly nearly truncate, angles rec- 
tangular, above coarsely punctured along the margin, finely granulate on the disc. Elytra rounded, oval, very convex 
above, opaque finely and sparsely granulate, humeri denticulate, sides margined, dise with one costa near the middle 
of each elytron, concave externally and extending two-thirds the length of elytra, frequently with another obsolete 


costa within and between it and the suture. Beneath opaque finely punctured. Length .58-.92 inch. 
From Owens’ Valley, California. Collected by myself and Dr. Cronkhite. 


This species, like all the others of the genus, is variable. In females or those much 
inflated, the denticulation of the humeri of elytra is lost. Others collected at Fort ‘Tejon, 
have perfectly smooth and shining elytra, though preserving the characteristic costie and 
losing the opacity as well as the granules of the elytra. Those collected by myself in 
Owens’ Valley were found in the Winter months, while the weather was very cold. 
Those of Tejon are Summer specimens, and the weather excessively warm, Until re- 


cently, I have considered both varicties as distinct species. 


A. semilwvis, black opaque, elongate oval. Head coarsely and sparsely punctured. Thorax sub-quadrate, 
moderately convex, coarsely, sparsely and unevenly punctured, sides moderately rounded, posteriorly feebly sinuate, 
anteriorly emarginate, angles not prominent, base truncate, angles rectangular, Elytra elongate oval, convex, with a 
distinet marginal costa, base truncate, angles distinct, dise with six parallel moderately elevated costae, surface between 
suture and first costa shining, between first costa and margin opaque. Beneath opaque, coarsely and sparsely punc- 
tured. Length .90 inch. 

Collected by Mr. Win. M. Gabb, in western Nevada. The arrangement of the coste 
of this species is very peculiar, ‘They are moderately elevated, perfectly parallel to the 
suture and extend three-fourths of the length of the elytra. ‘The first costa arises from 
the base slightly within the angles of the thorax; the second ona line of the humeri of 
the elytra, but at some little distance from it; the third arises from the marginal costa at 
about one-fifth from the humeral angle. ‘This species commences the divergence from the 


robust form resembling somewhat that of con/luens (intra). 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 285 


A. carinata, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Ann. Lye. 5-128; Thomson, Arcana 1, pl. XIT, fig. 1. 


Philolithus earinatus, Lac. Genres Vol. V., p. 158, pl. 51, fig- 4. 


o 
f=) 


Collected by Dr. Leconte at San Felipe, Cal. The figure given by Lacordaire seems 
to give an idea of the form of this species, 

Length .65-.80 inch. 

A. bifurca, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861-337. 

From Cape San Lucas, Lower California. The elytra are very feebly transversely 
convex, and have on each a triple series of very short hairs arranged in the interspaces of 
series of confusedly placed punctures. Length .75 inch. 

A. connivens, (Pelecyph.) Lec., New Species, p. 140. 

Closely related to the preceding species. It is doubtful whether it is really distinct, 
though I retain it as such until a full series shows its identity beyond doubt. Cape San 
Lucas. Cabinet of Mr. H. Ulke. Length .40 inch. 


A. confluens, (Pelecyph.) Lee., Ann, Lye. 5-128, Philolithus confluens, Lac. Genres 5, 158. 

Thorax with a distinct slightly reflexed thick margin. Marginal costa of elytra dis- 
tinct, another starting from near the humerus and extending three-fourths the length of 
the elytra. Humeral angles distinct. Length .75-—90 inch. Colorado desert and 
eastward, 

A. parallela, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 128. Philolithus parallelus, Lac. Genres 5-158. 

Similar in form to the preceding. Light brown, shining. THlumeral angles of elytra 
rounded, marginal costa acute, nearly reaching the apex; another short costa parallel 
with the margin, and a short distance from it extending through the middle two-thirds of 
the length of the elytra. The sides of the elytra are very feebly rounded, Thorax with 
distinct slightly reflexed margin. Vallecito, California. Length .60 inch. 

A. sexcostata, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, 337. 

Similar in form to the preceding; the elytra are, however, more nearly oval and the 
side of thorax more strongly rounded, and with the hind angles more evident. The elytra 
have an acute margin and two cost on the disc of each, of which the inner is much the 
longer. From Cape San Lucas. 

Length .50 inch. 


A. obsoleta, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Ann. Lye. 5-128. Philolithus obsoletus, Lac. Genres 5-158. 

Similar in outline to bifurea. The thorax is, however, nearly flattened above, rather 
declivous in front, and with a transverse impression at base. The elytral margin is very 
distinct. There is a second short costa parallel with the margin and very close to it, and 
occupying the middle third of the length of the elytra. : 

Collected at Warner’s ranche, California, (borders of Colorado desert). 

Length .70 inch. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—72 


286 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


A. muricatula, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Ann. Lye. 5-129. Philolithus muricatulus, Lac. Genres YV., 158. 

Closely resembling the preceding in outline and structure of thorax, both have the 
margin rather acute and slightly reflexed. There is no other than the marginal costa. 
The elytra are covered rather sparsely with erect short yellow hairs. The legs are not 
hairy. Found at San Diego by Dr. Leconte, and at Los Angelos by Mr. Gabb. 

Length .45 inch. 


A. hirsuta, (Peleeyph.) Lee., Ann. Lye. 5-127. Philolithus hirsutus, Lac. Genres Y., 158. 

Similar in outline to parallela, Thorax with an acute margin. Sides of elytra rounded, 
without marginal costa. The whole surface is clothed with erect yellowish-white pubes- 
cence. ‘The legs are also hairy. 

Found in the Colorado desert. Length .60 inch. 

A. hispidula, (Pelecyph.) Lee., Ann. Lyc. 5-127. 

Philolithus hispidulus, Lac. Genres V., 158. 

Marginal line of elytra obtuse, elytra regularly oval, humeri rounded. Thorax broader 
than long, sides rounded; anteriorly emarginate with acute angles, base truncate, angles 
distinct, not prominent. Surface sparsely clothed with very short hairs. Color usually 
dark brown. Found in Colorado and Maricopa deserts, 

Length .50 inch. 

A. Iuetata, black, opaque, elongate oval. Tlead very sparsely punctured. Thorax one-third broader than 
long, rather widely and acutely mareined, dise very feebly convex, sparsely punctured at middle, more coarsely and 
densely at the margin, sides strongly rounded, sub-angulate at middle, apex deeply emarginate, angles acute and 
prominent, base bisinuate, angles obtuse. Elytra elongate oval, without marginal costa, humeral angles rounded, 
surface very faintly sub-tricostate. Prosternum truncate. Length .68 inch. 

T place this species near angulatus, from the similarity in outline, particularly of the 
thorax, and from the absence of any elytral marginal ridge. It is, however, very distinct 
from any of our species, by the characters given. 

Occurs very rarely in Owens’ Valley, Cal. 

A. angulata, (Peleeyph.) Lee., Ann. Lye. 5-127. Philolithus angulatus, Lac. Genres 5-158, pl. 50, fig. 3. 

Found heretofore only at San Diego, Cal. 

Length 1.1 inch. 


A. lecontei, Horn, Proc. Ent. Soc. Sept. 10th, 1866, verbal remarks. 
Pelecyph. costipennis | Lec., Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 76. 

The thorax of this species is much broader than long, with the sides evenly rounded 
and with acute margins. The elytra are clongate oval, frequently (especially in 3) sub- 
parallel and with the sides nearly vertical. Each elytron has two distinct coste between 
the marginal and sutural. In some broadly oval ¢¢ there is a third costa between the 


marginal ridge and the first dorsal costa. The species is, however, very variable. A va- 


(oe) 
oe) 
-t 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 


riety occurs in Tulare Valley, Cal., at the base of the hills on which the typical form is 
found, in which the thorax and elytra are much more smooth and the cost of the elytra, 
represented by very faint longitudinal ridges ; as a variety it may be known as A, com- 
pressa, though, as in the rough and smooth forms of costipennis, I prefer to consider 
it merely a local variety. I have seen specimens evidently belonging to this species, much 
more robust and with the sculpture even more strongly marked. These are from Arizona 
and in the cabinet of Mr. H. Ulke. 

Length .60-.90 inch. 

A. captiosa, black, shining, similar in form to A. lecontei, and differing as follows: 


Head very finely and sparsely punctured, thorax more convex, less margined and searcely punctured. Elytra 
y i x I Ss 


elongate oval, margin broadly rounded, dise entirely smooth and without trace of costie. Length .60-.80 inch. 

T have doubts whether this should be considered distinct from Lecontei. It appears to 
be merely a variety, the result of a still further continuance of that obliteration of sculpture 
seen in the variety of the preceding species called compressa. Doubtless intermediate 
forms will some day be discovered warranting the union of this species with lecontez. 

Specimens in my cabinet are from both sides (East and West) of the Tulare, several 
hundred miles northward of Fort 'Tejon. 

A. puncticollis, (Euschides) Lee., New Spec. p. 111, No. 879. 

A very robust species, with elongate oval, very convex, smooth elytra, with a faint 
marginal ridge. The thorax is broader than long, very convex, coarsely and densely 
punctured, and sides strongly rounded and the margin distinct, sub-acute. 

Specimens have been collected in Oregon. 

Length .78 inch. 

A. consobrina, black, opaque, very robust, head coarsely punctured, thorax one-half broader than long, 
feebly convex, coarsely and densely punctured, and the dise confluently punctured at the margin, sides broadly 
rounded, margin moderately broad; anteriorly emarginate, angles acute, posteriorly feebly rounded, angles distinct, 
not prominent. Elytra broadly obovate, very convex, margin scarcely evident, humeral angles distinct, not promi- 
nent, base feebly emarginate; surface faintly and obscurely rugose. Length .66 inch. 

This is one of our most robust species, resembling the preceding somewhat in general 
appearance. As compared with puneticollis, it is very much shorter and more robust, the 
thorax less convex and punctured, and with sides more broadly rounded, and with margin 
much broader. The elytra are very broadly oval, convex, and suddenly declivous behind, 
and very obtuse at apex. The base of the thorax is broadly rounded, the rounding start- 
ing within the hind angles and not from the angles themselves. 

A. convexa, (Euschides) Lec., Smithson. Contr. Col. Ks. & N. M., p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 10. 

In this species the marginal line of the elytra is obsolete, except a very short carina at 
the humerus. The thorax is broader than long, moderately convex, very feebly punctured, 


margin distinct though narrow, side moderately and base feebly rounded. Elytra elongate 


YSs REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


oval, broader behind the middle, moderately convex and gradually declivous behind, the 
base is feebly emarginate, angles not prominent. From Arizona and New Mexico. 

Length .85 inch. 

A. obovata, (Euschides) Lec., Ann. Lye. V. 127. 

Differs from the preceding in having the elytra much more broadly expanded behind 
the middle, with acute rather prominent angles. ‘The margin of the elytra is rounded and 
indistinct. It is probable that future discoveries will unite the preceding species with 
this one. 


Length .85 inch. 


A. convexicollis, (Euschides) Lec., Proc. Acad. 7, 224. 

Differs from both the preceding species in the very narrow thoracic margin, and by 
the greater convexity of the thorax, as well as the less breadth, as compared with the 
length. ‘The elytra are similar to those of conrera, and has distinct though not prominent 
humeral angles. 

Rather common in Arizona, 

A. marginata, (Pelecyph.) Lee, Ann. Lye. V. 128; rématus, Lee., Proc. Acad. 7, 223; Philolithus rimatus, 
Lac. Genera V. 158. 

One of our largest and at the same time a very variable species. 

Three varieties may be more especially noticed : 

Marginata, surface sparsely and rather finely punctured, thoracic margin less strongly 
punctured and crenulate. Elytra with an acute margin not extending to the apex. 

Rimata, surface of elytra very coarsely and deeply punctured, thoracic margin very 
strongly punctured and crenulate, disc convex. Marginal line of elytra acute and extend- 
ing usually beyond three-fourths of their length. As compared with marginatus this spe- 
cies is broader, and the elytra broaler and less convex. 

Subcylindrica, thorax as in r/mata; elytra clongate, strongly rounded on the sides, 
sub-cylindrical and with a very short humeral carina; surface smooth, very finely 
punctured. 


In all these forms the thorax is broader than long, sides strongly rounded and with a 
flattened margin more or less crenulate. The dise is convex. The base is broadly lobed 
at middle and with a broad impression opposite the scutellum. 

All these forms inhabit the desert regions bordering the Gila River of Arizona. 

Length 1.00-1.20 inch. 

A. gibbicollis, black, sub-opaque. Thorax broader than long, strongly gibbous, margin broad, thickened 
and reflexed in front, gradually narrowing to base, apex deeply emarginate, angles acute, base rounded, and with 


three deep impressions, one scutellar and one on each side; elytra broadly oval, marginal carina distinct, base trun- 
cate, angles distinct. Length .85-1.00 inch. 


A very distinct species, recalling the form of some of the Microschatiw by the strong 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 289 


impressions along the basal margin of the thorax. The median impression is rather deep 
and rounded on each side by an elevation. The margin of thorax is slightly turned up- 
ward, more distinctly so near the anterior angles. ‘The base of elytra is truncate and 
the angles distinct, not prominent, 

Collected by Mr. Gabb in the peninsula of Lower California. 


A. elata, (Pelecyph.) Lec., Proc. Acad. 6, 445; (Philolithus) Lac. Genera V., p. 158; Pelecyph. difformis, 
Lee., Proc. Acad. 7, 723; (Philolithus) Lac., loc. cit.; Thomson, Areana 1, pl. XIT, fig. 7. 


This species is remarkable in the curious form of its thorax. Sides of thorax strongly 
angulate and margined, margin broadest at the angulation, rapidly narrowing to the an- 
terior angles, which are dentiform ; behind the angulation the margin is very feeble and 
the sides are rather feebly sinuate to the hind angles; apex of thorax feebly emarginate, 
base nearly truncate, with angles rectangular, The margin of the thorax is in some specimens 
rather strongly reflexed, so that the dise becomes concave. The disc is nearly smooth, 
the margin very strongly and densely punctured. The elytra are elongate oval, nearly 
twice as long as broad, not acutely margined, feebly convex and with shallow longitudinal 
grooves, Along the suture the elytra are reddish brown, recalling the color seen in many 
Eleodes. 

This species is distributed from Oregon to ‘Texas. 

Length 1.00-1.25 inch. 


SUB-TRIBE II—ASTROTI. 


The two genera constituting this sub-tribe have been separated from the other genera 
of Asidini on account of the form of the middle coxe. In the species of the preceding 
sub-tribe, the middle coxze are strongly angulate, externally closed by the parapleure and 
allowing the trochantin to become very distinctly visible. In these genera, on the con- 
trary, the coxal cavities are nearly rounded, closed by the sterna, and the trochantin if at 
all visible is very minute. The buccal cavity is also more completely closed by the men- 
tum, against which the sides of the gula fit accurately, not allowing the maxille to be- 
come visible. The ligula is completely hidden. Two genera constitute this sub-tribe, as 
follows: 

Antenne slender, joints longer than broad, apex of prosternum deflexed; 
trochantin very small. OLOGLYPTUS, 
Antenne with joints broader than long, apex of prosternum prominent ; 
trochantin not visible. ASTROTUS. 
OLOGLYPTUS, Lac. 

Ologlyptus, Lacordaire, Genera V., p. 158. 

Pactostoma, Lec., Journ. Acad. N. 8. LY., p. 19. 

(Without any other characters than those given in a table.) 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—73 


290 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


O. anastomosis, Say, (Asida) Journ. Acad. IIT, 256; Lac. (Ologlyptus) loc. cit., pl. 52, fig. 2; Lee., (Pactos- 
toma) loc. cit. 

The figure given by Lacordaire, though inaccurate in many respects, will serve to give 
the student a tolerably exact representation of the species, and with the generic descrip- 
tion given leaves nothing to be desired. 

Not abundant. Occurs in Colorado and Ixansas. 


Length .50-.60 inch. 


ASTROTUS, Lec. 

Astrotus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 221. 

Abundantly distinct from any of our Asidini, in the total absence of trochantin to the 
middle coxze. In this genus there appear many points of structure recalling those Molu- 
rini allied to Sepidinm, where we also find genera with the same structure of middle 
coxal cavities, and it is probable that in these genera must be sought the links uniting 
the now isolated Zopherini with the neighboring tribes. 

A. contortus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 221; Lee., (Microschatia) Proc. Acad. 6, 446. 

Color, dark brown, densely clothed with strongly adherent dark gray scaly coating. 
Head deeply inserted, lateral sutures between clypeus and front deeply impressed. Thorax 
broader than long, feebly convex, with two feeble longitudinal ridges separated by a me- 
dian shallow groove; apex emarginate, base feebly emarginate ; sides strongly angulate 
at middle, converging in front of and deeply sinnate behind the angulation, hind angles 
rectangnlar and covering the humeral angles of the elytra. Elytra oval, broader behind 
the middle, rather suddenly declivous behind, sides rather strongly rounded and with an 
acute and strongly serrate marginal ridge extending nearly three-fourths of their length, 
dise feebly convex and with an irregular elevated line on each elytron extending from 
within the humerus to near the apex, and the two thus enclosing an clongate oval space ; 
several short more or less oblique ridges extend from the main ridge to the elevated su- 
tural margin; base of elytra truncate, angles rectangular. 

Length 40-44 inch. 

‘The entire surface of the body is sparsely clothed with scale-like hairs, and the entire 
vestiture and sculpture strikingly recall that of Sepidium. 

All the specimens in our cabinets have been reported from Western Central Texas. 

A. reguilaris. 

Similar in form and sculpture, differing from contortus in the following points : 

Sides of thorax not suddenly angulate at middle, but rounded and gradually sinuate to 
the hind angles. Median diseal sulens very faint. Elytra more broadly oval, marginal 
rideve moderately acute, not coarsely serrate, median costa moderately elevated, not ser- 


rate at summit, enclosing a regular elongate oval space. 


fo) 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 291 


This species has been for a long time considered as the female of conforlus, but the 
very marked difference in the form of thorax, and the very fecbly elevated elytral ridges 
not serrate at the summits, have caused me to place it as distinct. In all the specimens 
of contortus before me, the median costa does not extend so far forward as to touch the 
thoracic base, while in regu/uris this is the case. 

Specimens sent from Texas by G. W. Belfrage, do not differ in size from the preced- 
ing species. 

TRIBE XV—BRANCHINI. 


Body oval, apterous. Middle coxve with distinct trochantin, Antennie slender, outer 
joints gradually broader, Mentum moderate, trapeziform emarginate in front, inserted on 
a gular peduncle, which is emarginate and fissured, and not covering the maxillee. Palpi 


slightly dilated. Intercoxal process of abdomen triangular, rounded at tip. 


BRANCHUS, Lee. 
Branchus, Lec., Class. Col. N. Am. 222. 
B. floridanus, Lec., New Spec., p. 3. Florida.* 


Length .60 inch. 


B. woodi, Lee., New Species, p. 111, (note) Island of New Providence. 


B. obscurus, Horn, Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 398. Nicaragua. 


Anectus vestitus, Horn, Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 399. Honduras. 
Anectus differs from Branchus in the absence of any prolongation of the external apical angle of the anterior 


tibiae, and other characters derived from the antenne and mentum. 


TRIBE XVI—CONIONTINI. 


Body elongate oval or sub-globose, apterous. Labrum very prominent. Mentum 
small, trapeziform, emarginate in front, ligula transverse lunate. Gular peduncle very 
short. Anterior coxze sub-transverse, middle coxe with distinct trochantin, hind cox 
narrowly separated, inter-coxal process acute. First joint of hind tarsi very long. Our 
genera are three in number, and may be arranged as follows: 


Antenne short. 


First joint of anterior tarsi prolonged into a spine. CLUS. 
Antenne long. 

Anterior tibia with outer angle prolonged, EUSATTUS. 

Anterior tibiae truncate at tip. CONIONTIS. 


The last two genera differ also in their form, Eusattus being broadly oval, Coniontis 
elongate oval, with sides more or less parallel. 


* Tn addition to the species above indicated, two other species are known, and also another genus with a single 


species. 


292 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


CCELUS, sch. 
Ceelus, Esch., Zool. Atl. IIT, p. 5. 
C. ciliatus, Esch., Zool. Atlas Heft. HIT, p. 5, pl. 14, fig. 1. ‘ 


C. globosus, Lee, Ann. Lye. 5, 138. 

This species differs from the preceding in being more broadly oval and more convex, 
‘The sides of the thorax are also more strongly rounded. ‘These differences appear to be 
very feeble, and in a larger series may vanish. Both species are found on the sea shore 
of California. 


EUSATTUS, Lec. 
Eusattus, Lee., Ann. Lye. V., p. 131. 
Discodemus, Lee., Class. Col. N. A., p. 228. 


Conipinus, Lee., ibid. 

The last two genera indicated by Dr. Leconte in his Class. of the Coleoptera of North 
America, and subsequently reunited under Eusattus (List, p. 60), cannot be retained as 
distinct, affording an illustration of the little value a character may have in a tribe after 
having been found to be of great importance in tribes not remotely separated. Instances 
of this kind are by no means of rare occurrence in Tenebrionide. In this instance the 
relative width of epiplenra and elytral fold have been assumed as the points of separation, 
and with species so closely allied in all other important generic characters, I have deemed 
it more prudent to adopt the later view of Dr, Leconte, rather than establish two other 
genera in addition to the above-mentioned. From an inspection of the following table it 
will be seen that but one species is needed to complete a scries uniting all the forms of 
epipleure, viz: a species between robustus and reticulatis, in which the epipleurie shall 
occupy nearly the entire inflexed portion of the elytra by being gradually wider from apex 
to base. ‘The presence or absence of a prominent elytral margin appears to me rather of 
specific than generie value, When scientific zeal shall cause northern Mexico to be more 
thorougly explored, species will be found which will without any doubt fully confirm the 
view here adopted. With the present illustration before us, it is to be hoped that stu- 
dents of local faunze will give the subject of genera due consideration, It must be borne 
in mind that in Tenebrionidee a want of stability of characters is one of the most marked 
peculiarities of the family, and in the present paper, nearly a hundred new genera could 
have been described from characters for which abundant precedents could have been found. 

Our species may be arranged as follows: 

Elytra with a distinct, more or less acute margin, 
Epipleure occupying entirely the inflexed portion of elytra. robustus. 
Epipleure narrow, suddenly dilated at base. 
Epipleuree and clytral fold nearly smooth. 


Elytra faintly sub-costate with interstitial reticulations. retic ulatus. 


aw 
c} 
wo 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 


Fpipleure and elytral fold roughly sculptured. 
Flytra costate, with interstitial smooth granules. GOiS.U-a tas: 
Elytra with coarse erosions and elevated smooth patches. erosus. 
Elytra rounded on the sides, not margined. 
Epipleure narrow, suddenly dilated at base, elytra smooth. Devi: 
Epipleure gradually dilated at base. 
Body rounded, oval. damcilis. 
Body inflated, nearly globose. 
Elytra not pubescent. 
Fpipleure distinctly defined, nearly smooth. muricatus. 
Epipleure not distinctly defined, very densely punc- 
tulate. dilgtatie: 


Filytra sparsely pubescent. 


Epipleurie distinctly defined, nearly smooth. puberulus, 
Body elongate oval. 
Sub-opaque, elytra granulate. - productus. 
Shining, elytra smooth or faintly punctured. dubius. 


E. robustus, Lec., N. Spec., page 112. 

From the Island of San Clemente, on the coast of California. 

Length .70 inch. 

E. reticulatus, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5-132. 

Zophosis reticulata, Say, Journ. Acad. 3, 250. 

Discodemus reticulatus, Lee., Class. Coll. N. A., p. 223. 

Not rare in Arizona and New Mexico. ‘This species varies considerably in sculpture 
and outline. The typical form is elongate oval; many, however, are in my cabinet col- 
lected by myself in Arizona, in which the form is oboval, with the elytra somewhat in- 
flated. In the inflated specimen the thorax is much narrowed in front, being scarcely 
wider between the anterior angles than that between the hind angles. Specimens from 
western Kansas or Colorado are comparatively smooth, and the reticulations delicate ; 
those from Arizona are sub-costate, though never coarsely punctured and granulose, as in 
the following species. Length .50-.62 inch. 

E. costatus, rounded, oval, convex, black, sub-opaque, thorax being finely and sparsely punctured on the disc, 
densely but very faintly granulate on the sides, margin not thickened; elytra sub-costate, interstices coarsely punc- 
tured, and with smooth, small, rounded tubercles; inflexed portion of elytra densely and coarsely punctured. Length 
.66, breadth .40 inch. 

The humeral angle of the epipleura may be easily discovered from above, being 
more prominent in this and the succeeding than in any other of our species. 

Collected by Mr. Wim. M. Gabb on the peninsula of Lower California. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—74 


294 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


E. erosus, rounded oval, convex, black, moderately shining. Thorax scarcely punctured, except near the mar- 
vin; margin slightly thickened; elytra with irregular shallow fovee, interstices elevated, convex, smooth; inflexed 
portion of elytra coarsely punctured. Length .71, breadth .44 inch. 

Our largest and one of our most distinct species, by the peculiar sculpture of the 
elytra, his sculpture appears to result from an irregular coarse puncturing in series, 
the interstices between the series and the punctures being elevated, rounded and smooth, 
The elytra, therefore, have a somewhat coarsely eroded appearance. 


Collected by Mr. Win. M. Gabb, with the preceding species. 


E. levis, Lec., New Species, p. 1138. 

From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. In my cabinet are specimens collected by 
Mr. Gabb in the same region, differing from the typical forms in the same manner that 
the Arizona specimens of refien/atus differ from those of Colorado, that is by being oboval 
and with the elytra more convex and inflated. With this degree of variation demon- 
strated by a full series of our species, I am unwilling to separate a similar variation in 
another as distinct, even though not possessing the intermediate forms. 

Length .52-.64 inch. 

E. difficilis, Lee., Ann. Lye. 5-132. E. convexus, Lec., id. 

T have in my cabinet a very good series of this species, sufficient indeed to render the 
feeble characters separating d/fficilis and courerus evanescent. I have others again 


fen) 


searecly less smooth than nitidipennis, Lec. from Jalapa, Mexico, It seems probable 
that some further collections in regions between Arizona and Chihnahna would aftord 
specimens warranting the union of this species also. This species is not rare from San 
Diego to Owens’ Valley, and from Arizona to New Mexico and Colorado, 

Length .35-.45 inch. 

EK. muricatus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 132. 

From Oregon, New Mexico, and Owens’ Valley, Cal. 

Length .45 inch. 

BE. dilatatus, Lec:,,Ann. Lye. V., 132: 

From the deserts of the Colorado River. Tam unable to see any difference between 
this species and the preceding, except in the very dense fine puuctulation of the epipleure. 

Length .80 inch. 

E. puberulus, Lec., Proc. Acad, 7, 84. Texas. 

Differs from maricatus by the sparse scale-lke hairs of the elytra. 

Length .30 inch. 


E. dubius, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 132. 
Compinus dubius, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., 228. 
From the deserts of the Colorado and Gila. 


Length .30 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 995 


E. productus, Lec., Journ. Acad., 24 ser., 4, 20. Conipinus productus, Lee., Class. Col. N. A., 223. 
From Arizona and Lower California. The specimens from the latter region have 
elytra sculptured, as in reficulatus. 


Length .54 inch. 


CONIONTIS, Esch. 

Coniontis, Esch., Zool. Atl. HT, p. 7. 

Species of this genus are found rather abundantly in California and Oregon, under 
stones or running over the surface of the ground. ‘Two species extend eastward and are 
found on the plains at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. There are very slight 
differences to be observed even between the most widely differing species, the form vary- 
ing at times from true semi-cylindrical to that of conic-cylindrical, in which the thorax 
will be found wider than the elytra. Some species are pubescent, or rather with punc- 
tures bearing very short scale-like hairs, while others are almost entirely smooth, This 
character alone appears thus far to have but little value in separating species, as these 
hairs are lost after the insect has passed its maturity, or at least, at the end of the season. 
However, as specimens affording an actual illustration of this fact are not in our cabinets, 
I allow the species to stand as already enumerated, separating them from each other by 
the characters assigned. 

In order to facilitate the study of them, the following table has been prepared. 

Eyes reniform, entire. 
Elongate oval, sides of elytra parallel, or converging toward apex. 
Abdomen rugose, very coarsely and densely punctured. abdominalis. 
Abdomen smooth, very finely and sparsely punctured. 
Elytra usually finely punctured, never coarsely punc- 
tured and rugose together, and never pubescent. 
Species of robust facies, length never greater than 


twice the width. 


Large species, robusta. 
Small species, opaca. 
Species elongate, length always notably greater than 
twice the width, . 
Large species. Viatica. 
Small species. puncticollis. 


Elytra coarsely punctured or rugose, or irregular and 
pubescent. 
Very convex species, larger. 


Thoracic and elytral punctures not setigerous, eschscholtzii. 


296 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


Thoracic and elytral punctures with a short 
scale-like hair. affinis. 
Depressed smaller species. 
Elytral punctures with a distinct hair. subpubescens. 
be . * short scale. nemoralis. 


Younded oval, sides rounded, never parallel. 


‘Thorax and elytra dissimilarly punctured, elytra rugose, ovalis. 
Thorax and elytra similarly punctured, elytra smooth. lata. 
Eyes divided, species broadly oval. obesa. 


C.abdominalis, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 77. 

Not very common at Fort Tejon, Cal. May be readily known by the peculiar pune- 
tation of the abdomen. — It is our largest species. 

Length .66 inch. 

C. robusta, elongate oval, convex, sides parallel; obtuse before and behind. Length .62 inch. 

From Fort Tejon, southward, and one from San Francisco, 

The above rather indefinite description is really all that can be said directly of this 
species. T have in my cabinet a long series, the sculpture and punctation varying to an 
extent rendering it impossible to fix even a standard, Specimen 1 is sub-opaque, thorax 
and elytra very densely and rather coarsely acicnlately punctured, the elytra are obscurely 
tricostate, with the interstices obsoletely reticulate. From this point the sculpture be- 
comes gradually less defined, and finally the species becomes as smooth and shining as 
any specimens of riatica, As compared with v/aticea, it is more robust and obtuse. ‘The 
legs are also stouter and the tarsal joints less slender. Notwithstanding the rather coarse 
punctation of the elytra, the sculpture is very different from that seen in the next group, 
where the spaces between the punctures are notably elevated and rounded. The larger 
proportion of the specimens of robusta are entirely smooth, The width of the species 
between the humeri is equal to half the length. 

C. opaca, elongate oval, black, sub-opaque, sides sub-parallel, head finely punctured, thorax finely and 
rather densely punctured, interspaces very finely alutaceous, sides rounded, gradually narrowing from the hind angles: 
elytra finely but less densely punctured; less frequently ferruginous brown. Length .36-.42 inch. 

Not rare in Owens’ Valley and at Fort ‘Tejon, California. 

Similar in form to the preceding, bat much smaller, The legs and tarsi are more 
slender and resemble those of riatica and punctiecllis. Very distinct from any of our spe- 
cies, though hardly separable from the preceding by description, 

C. viatica, Esch., Zool. Atl. 3, 7, tab. 14, fig. 3. 

Rather elongate in form, being at least two-and-a-half times as long as broad between 


the humeri. The sides of the elytra are frequently convergent toward the apex. In this 


Ne) 
a) 
= 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 


case the thorax is wider at base than the elytra. The surface is smooth and shining, 
thorax very finely and sparsely and the elytron rather more coarsely and very sparsely 
punctured. The legs are always black. The under surface of the anterior tibia is densely 
spinose, the spines being rather more evident than in any other species. Maritime 
California. Length .55-.60 inch. 

C. punecticollis, Lec., Ann. Lyc. V., p. 181. 

Similar in form to the preceding and bearing the same relation’ to it that opaca does 
to robusta. The thorax is very densely and finely punctured, The legs are brownish or 
ferruginous in color and rather slender, and with slender tarsi. It is about one-half or 
two-thirds the length of viatica. Specimens are not rare along the valleys of the Sacra- 
mento and San Joaquin rivers. 

Length .35 inch. 

C. eschscholtzii, Mann., Rey. Zool. 1840-138. Bull. Mose. 1843-275. Lac. Genres, pl. 52, fig. 5 (not a good 
figure). 

The punctures of the elytra are very large and rather dense, the interspaces convex 
The punctures are not setigerous. Abundant near San Francisco. 

Length .50-.55 inch. 

C. affinis, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 181. 

It is doubtful whether the characters separating this from the preceding are sufficient. 
I am unable to see any other difference than the presence of short scale-like hairs in the 
elytral punctures. They are, however, retained as distinct until further collections show 
their complete identity. 

Length .50 inch. 

C. subpubescens, Lec., Ann. Lyc. V., 131. 

Differs from all our other species in being rather sparsely clothed with short recum- 
bent hairs, giving the elytra a silken appearance. ‘Two specimens of the species are in 
the cabinet of Dr. Leconte, labeled Emmenastus rugosus, the name having been given by 
Col. Motschulsky while in this city. Length .87 inch. 

C. nemoralis, Eseh., Zool. Atl. 3-7. f 

This and the preceding are much moye depressed than any other of our species. It is 
also subpubescent, the hairs being very short and scale-like, and almost completely buried 
within the punctures. The elytra are not rugose, however, in the same manner as in 
eschscholtzii, but are irregularly corrugated and coarsely punctured. The preceding spe- 
- cies differ from this only in having longer hairs intermixed with the short scale-like ones. 
Length .40 inch. 

C. ovalis, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 131. 
With this commences a small series of regularly oval species. The sides are always 
AMERI. PHILOSO. $0C.—VOL. XIV.—75 


298 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID_E OF AMERICA, 


broadly rounded, never parallel. ‘The thorax is smooth, very finely and sparsely punc- 
tured, the elytra are coarsely and rather densely punctured and resemble those of esch- 
scholtzii. This species extends its range from Oregon to the plains east of the Rocky 
Mountains. Length .41 inch. 


C. lata, Lec., New Species, p. 113. 

Similar in form to the preceding, but more broadly oval, The thorax and elytra are 
densely and finely punctured. From the Island of San Clemente, coast of California. 

Length 40-46 inch. 

C. obesa, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 131. 

Our smallest species, differing from every other in having the eyes entirely divided. 
I do not find the last two joints of the antenne suddenly larger, as recorded by Lacor- 
dure, although the antenni are rather shorter and the joints more compact. I do not 
consider the division of the eyes sufficient for generic separation, more especially in a 
family already burdened with genera established on slight characters. 


Length .25 inch. 


Sub-Family HT—TENEBRIONIDUY. 


This sub-family contains those species in which the hind margins of the third and 
fourth ventral segments are coriaccous. ‘The last two segments are consequently capable 
of a greater degree of motion than is seen in the genera of the preceding sub-families ; the 
middle coxie are usually provided with a distinct trochantin, the cavities being closed ex- 
ternally by the mesosternal parapleure; in some genera the trochantin is not. visible, 
although the cavities are never so thoroughly enclosed by the sterna as in the Tentyriide, 
and the presence or absence of this piece, although of so great value in the preceding 
sub-families, here loses to a great extent its significance, and genera may occur with and 
without trochantin in the same tribe; the body is here more frequently winged than ap- 
terous; the anterior coxie are frequently sub-cylindrical or transverse in this sub-family 


and never in the preceding; genera with entire mandibles appear for the first time, and 


the trilobed front is never seen. 

‘This sub-family corresponds with Cohort IL. of Section IL. of Lacordaire, with the ad- 
dition of tribes and parts of tribes of Cohort I, as follows: Tribes NVI part, NVIT, XX, 
XXIV part, XXV, NNVI, NX VII, and comprises a series of genera presenting almost 
insurmountable obstacles to the formation of higher groups. Owing to the great insta- 
bility of the characters among these genera, it is extremely difficult to form a synoptic 
table of tribes not filled with exceptional cases. Lacordaire admits that table given by 


him will answer only for a small majority of the genera, and where his list is increased by 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 299 


the addition of other tribes the trouble is by no means lessened, In those tribes contain- 
ing large series of genera, the tendency to a rapid degradation of form is seen, analagous 
to the same general degradation of the entire family from the Tentyriide to the Otido- 
gen. Thus, among the genera of the tribe Tenebrionini forms occur pointing strongly 
toward an affinity with Helops, and it is here among what might be termed the peripher- 
ial genera that doubt may arise as to their true position. 

The separation of the sub-family into Platygene and Otidogenie has not been followed, 
as the character seems not to deserve the importance assigned to it by Lacordaire, and 
Mr. Pascoe (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. IV, Vol. III, p. 36,) objects to the placing 
of the latter section among the Tenebrionide, evidently not fully appreciating the fact 


Oo 


that this sub-family as defined by Leconte has a much greater systematic value than any 
of the “Cohorts” of Lacordaire, 

A careful revision of foreign tribes, on the basis of the sub-division of the Family into 
three sub-families, would result in the union of several. From the limited amount of study 
I have been able to give them, the Heleides appear to replace in Australia the Blaptini 
of Europe and America, and should probably form a sub-trtbe of Blaptini, in which their 
peculiar form would be fully balanced by our species of Embaphion. 

Many changes might be suggested, but as such discussion is altogether irrelevant to 
the objects of the present paper, further space will not be occupied here, although it is my 
desire at some future time to develop the results of study in a paper less encumbered with 
species. 

The following table of tribes is offered for the assistance of the student, although well 
aware that it may often fail on the application of the test of several genera and of many 
species. 

Front entirely corneous, anterior margin free, not articulating with a 
coriaceous clypeus. 
First joint of tarsi elongate or moderate, never very short, tarsi not 
compressed ; gen not sulcate. 
Eyes less prominent than the sides of front, more or less transverse, 
always emarginate in front. 
Anterior tibiz alone or none dilated. 
Penultimate joint of tarsi entire. 

Anterior cox rounded; middle cox always with dis- 
tinct trochantin; antenne never perfoliate, third 
joint usually larger than the following. 

Hind cox transverse, never oblique. 


* Front feebly dilated at the sides. " 


300 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


Tarsi spinous or setose beneath. 


Elytra widely embracing abdomen. BLAPTINI, 

Elytra narrowly embracing abdomen, SCAURINI. 
Tarsi with coarse, almost spinous hairs. AMPHIDORINI, 
‘Tarsi finely pubescent beneath. TBNEBRIONINI. 


Front broadly dilated at the sides, emarginate ante- 


riorly, 


Anterior tarsi of 3 dilated. PEDININI. 
Anterior tarsi of 4 not dilated. OPATRINT, 
lind coxie oblique ; tarsi spmous, CRYPTICINI. 


Anterior coxae sub-transverse; middle coxie without tro- 
chantin; third joint of antennie always short, outer 


joints more or less perfohate 


Tarsi pubescent. Last joint always long, ULOMINT, 
Penultimate joint of tarsi bilobed. HETEROTARSINI, 
Tibi all more or less dilated and fossorial. TRACHYSCELINI. 


Eyes more prominent than the sides of the front, usually rounded, 
feebly or not at all emarginate. DIAPERINI, 
First joint of tarsi very small, outer joints gradually thicker, longer 
and compressed. Genz transversely suleate. BOLETOPHAGINI, 
Front either with a broad coriaceous band or articulating directly with 
a coriaceous clypeus. Elytra never widely embracing abdo- 
men. ‘Third joint of antennie long. 


Sides of front not obliquely elevated. 


Abdomen pedunculate ; antennie slender. APOCRYPHINI. 
Abdomen not pedunculate; antennie with the outer joints 
usually compressed, HELOPINI, 
Sides of front obliquely elevated. 
Metasternum very short; body apterous, MERACANTHINI, 
Metasternum long; body slender and winged. STRONGYLUNI, 


TRIBE XVII—BLAPTINI. 


This tribe contains not only a larger number of species, but also species of a greater 
size than any others of our fauna. Genera from every part of the globe are found here, 
and the species in cach portion are usually among the largest of the Tenebrionide found 
there. All are black or dark brownish, and variously though-never very roughly sculp- 


tured, and a few species are pubescent or pilose. All are apterous. Om species are 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 301 


either strictly nocturnal in their habits or are found walking in sandy places either in 
early morning or late in the day, and during cloudy days. The larger and more cylindri- 
cal of our species will, when disturbed, place their bodies nearly vertically, the head near 
the ground and the tail erect, and will emit when handled a dark oleaginous offensive 
fluid, staining the hands brownish and remaining for a long time and apparently fixed by 
the action of alkaline material. In the warm regions of California the larger species at- 
tain the age of several years. Their tenacity of life is very great, as specimens have been 
kept pinned for two months without food or water. 

Our genera are three in number, 

Epipleure broader at base, attaining the humeri. 


Mentum trilobed, lateral lobes more or less inflexed. ELEODES. 


Mentum flat, discoidal. DISCOGENTA. 


Epipleure narrow at base, not attaining the humeri. 


Mentum trilobed, lateral lobes inflexed. EMBAPHION. 


ELEODES, £sch. 

Eteropks, Esch., Zool. Atl. I1., p. 9. 

Xysta, Esch., (ut supra.) 

Promvus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 226. 

Species have been described by Say as Blaps, by Kirby as Pimelia. 

Mentum somewhat variable in form, usually trilobed, the middle lobe larger and more 
convex ; lateral lobes frequently inflexed, scarcely visible. Last joint of labial palpi trian- 
gular, narrower than the maxillary, which are broadly triangular or securiform. Head 
not deeply inserted, suture between epistoma and front frequently distinct, epistoma trun- 
cate or feebly emarginate, sides sometimes sinuate. Eyes narrow sub-reniform. Antenne 
eleven-jointed, the last three or four usually notably depressed, the last joint frequently 
though not always smaller than the preceding, 

Prothorax variable in form, usually applied against bases of the elytra. Scutellum 
always distinct and equilateral. Elytra of variable form and sculpture, in many species 
prolonged behind. Epipleur always distinct, broader at base and always visible at the 
humeral angle, gradually narrowing toward the apex. Legs moderately long. Femora 
never strongly clavate, the anterior frequently armed in the male, sometimes in both 
sexes, with a tooth of variable form, rarely all the femora toothed. Tarsi usually chan- 
nelled and setose beneath ; occasionally the first two joints are dilated and spongy pubes- 
cent, or not dilated and densely covered with silken hairs. 

The characters above given are those applicable to the whole genus, characters pecu- 
liar to any group will be given under its heading or in the remarks on the various species. 

The genus Eleodes is our largest and, with the exception of Asida, as previously de- 
fined, the most polymorphous, and is without doubt the most difficult to sub-divide of any 

AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—T6 


302 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA. 


in our fauna. The wide distribution of many of the species has given rise to local varie- 
ties, on which specific names have been fixed, as each new region finished an unique 
specimen, Species of Eleodes are found distributed over a wide extent of our western 
territories, the Mississippi River being the extreme eastern limit. From this point not 
only species but individuals become more and more numerous, until on Some of the arid 
regions of California they can be found in immense numbers, Species are found to the 
extreme northwest, inhabiting the rather warm belt of country westward of the Rocky 
Mountains and between them and the coast. ‘Their southern limit is indefinite, In South 
America, Nyeterinus replaces Eleodes, [must confess my inability to detect any impor- 
tant differences between these genera, and most authors seem to assume that any species 
north of the Isthmus of Panama is Eleodes, and south of it Nycterinus. It is probable 
that the latter genus should constitute a division of the former, equivalent in value to the 
groups into which Tam about to sub-divide it. With Apocrypha and Amphidora on both 
continents, [ see no reason why we should not find Kleodes also. 

In the following synoptic table it will be found that no use whatever has been made 
of the form of prosternum, in the definition either of groups or species. The character 1S 
actually of no value, as specimens undistinguishable by any other characters may have a 
different form of prosternum, and on this and similar characters species might be indefi- 
nitely multiphed. 

For convenience of study, Eleodes may be divided into three sub-genera : 

Anterior tarsi of both sexes entirely spinous beneath, (ELEODES). 
Anterior tarsi of males with the first two or three joints either with 
silken hairs or spongy pubescence beneath. 
Anterior tarsi of males not dilated. (BLAPYLIS. ) 
Anterior tarsi of males with at least the basal joint dilated. (PROMUS. ) 
ELEODES. 


Spurs of anterior tibiee unequal, and dissimilar in the sexes. GROUP I. 


Spurs of anterior tibize equal. and similar in the sexes. GROUP II. 


GROUP I. 
Section A. 
Hind spur of anterior tibia broader and thicker in ©. 


Thorax convex, smooth. 


Elytral margin rounded. obseura. 
Elytral margin acute at humerus. acuta. 


Thorax flat or concave. 


Sides of elytra rounded. suturalis. 
Sides of elytra parallel. texana. 


Section B. 


\nterior spur of anterior tibia broader, thicker and more strongly curved in @. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 


Elytra broad, flattened, truncate at base, angles rectangular; thorax broad at base. angles 
rectangular, overlapping the humeral angles of elytra. (Pediniform species). 
Elytra with alternate interspaces more elevated, (each elytron sub-tricostate). 
Elytra glabrous, with regular strive of moderately large punctures, interstices equally 
and very feebly convex. 
Elytra elongate oval, convex, narrower and feebly emargiuate at base, angles not reetangu- 
lar; thorax narrower at base, angles obtuse. not overlapping basal angles of elytra. 
Anterior femora mutic in both sexes. 


or 
ade) 


Elytra shining; with striee of punctures. 


Elytra sulcate or striate, striz punctured, interstices convex, with muricate 
punctures, 
Elytra diffusely punctured. 
Elytra shining, punctures simple. 
Elytra opaque, densely muricately punctured, becoming granulate. 
Anterior femora armed in the male. 
Tooth very obtuse, elytral sculpture of smooth tubercles. 
Tooth very acute, elytra with strive of fine punctures. 
GROUP IL. 


The spurs of the anterior tibize are similar to each other in both sexes. 


3038 


tricostata. 


pedinoides. 


carbonaria. 
obsoleta. 


quadricollis. 
humeralis. 
granulata. 


extricata, 


Occasionally the anterior spur is some- 


what longer than the other; never, however, presenting anything similar to that seen in the preceding group, in whieh 


it is nearly double the size and width of the other, and very strongly curved backward, especially in 


Thorax smooth, finely and sparsely punctured. 


Thorax rugous, coarsely and confluently punctured. 


Section A. 
All the femora toothed in both sexes. 


Teeth of femora acute. 


Teeth of femora obtuse. 


Anterior femora alone armed with a tooth, or all the femora mutic. 
Thorax sub-quadrate, frequently narrower in front, base very rarely narrowed, sides feebly 
rounded. 
Elongate species, elytra never ventricose nor striate, femora mutic. 
Thorax elongate. 
Thorax square. 
Species usually ventricose, elytra striate, femora of % either acutely toothed or sinuate 
near the tip. 
Anterior femora with a strong curved tooth in 4% only. 
“* straight acute tooth in % and ?. 


ec oe 


Thorax deeply emarginate in front, angles not everted. 


ee ee “cc 66 


feebly angles acute, everted,. 


“ce 


sinuate near the tip in § and ¢. 
Sides of thorax strongly rounded, always narrower at base. 

Thorax very convex, humeral angles of elytra indistinct or wanting. 
Anterior femora armed in both sexes. 
Anterior femora mutic in both sexes. 

Thorax moderately convex, humeral angles of elytra always evident. 
Ant. femora mutic in both sexes. 


Ant. femora armed at least in ©. 


O 


the 9. 


Section A. 


Section B. 


armata. 
militaris. 


femorata. 


longicollis. 


gentilis. 


ventricosa. 


luce. 
gracilis. 


innocens. 


rrandicollis. 


« 


gigantea. 


nigrina. 


304 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


Thorax with sides gradually narrowing to base. 


Elytra suleate, interstices convex, impunctured. hispilabris. 
Elytra sub-striate, interstices with muricate punctures. sponsa. 


caudifera. 
Thorax strongly constricted at base. acuticauda. 
dentipes. 
Section B. 
Here are placed some small species with a very strongly punctured, moderately convex, sub-quadrate thorax, and 
with oval elytra with indistinct humeri. 
Elytra granulate or rugose and frequently hairy. 
Elytra not hairy, opaque, with rows of elevated rounded tubercles, granosa. 
Elytra hairy, surface very coarsely and contluently punctured, shining. hirsuta. 
Elytra opaque, sub-striate, with strongly muricate punctures, each bearing an erect black 
hair. pilosa. 


BLAPYLIs. 

This name is proposed for a sub-generic division of Eleodes, in which the basal joints 
(usually three) of the anterior tarsi of the male are clothed with a dense silken pubes- 
cence, obliterating entirely the median groove, evident in the remaining joints and in the 
entire tarsus of the female. 


Thorax feebly constricted at base; lateral margin entire, extending to base. 
Base of thorax rounded. seabripennis. 
Base of thorax truncate. 


Elytra convex, humeral angles very obtuse. 


Terminal joints of antenne not compressed, antenniwe apparently clavate. clavicornis. 
Terminal joints of antenne flattened. 
Hind angles of thorax obtuse. lecontei. 
Hind angles of thorax rectangular. 
Elytra more or less shining, muricately punctured. consobrina. 
Elytra very opaque, with small rounded granwes densely but irregu- 
larly placed. tenebrosa. 
Elytra depressed, humeral angles distinct. planipennis. 
Thorax very strongly constricted at base, lateral margin obsolete at constriction. 
Thorax smooth, coarsely and sparsely punctured. parvicollis. 


Thorax rugose, very coarsely and confluently punctured. 
Elytral sculpture of coarse punctures with the interstitial elevations more or less con- 
fluent into transverse plications. cordata. 


Elytral sculpture of elevated, distinet, smooth tubercles, in longitudinal series. pimelioides. 


Prowus. 


The sub-genus Promus contains species more or less fusiform and with, at least, the 
basal joint of the anterior tarsi dilated and thickened and spongy pubescent beneath. 


jase of elytra emarginate, angles produced, embracing the basal angles of thorax. Femora mutic. 
Elytral margin acute, surface opaque and sparsely pubescent. opaca. 
Elytral margin rounded, surface glabrous. fusiformis. 
Base of elytra very feebly emarginate, or truncate, angles acute, not prolonged, basal angles of 
thorax distinet. Anterior femora armed in the males. 


Tooth of femur very acute in 4; elytra opaque, with distinct series of fine punctures. subnitens. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 305 


Tooth of femur broad in 4 ; elytra sub-opaque and with distant series of large punctures; 
punctures distant from each other. seriata. 


Male unknown. Elytra striate, striae approximate and with very closely placed punctures. striolata. 


Sub-Genus ELEODEs. 

This division contains all the large species, and the smallest is scarcely below the me- 
dium size. It may be distinguished from the other divisions by having the tarsi entirely 
setose beneath, never silken or spongy pubescent. The first joint of the anterior tarsus 
of the male is somewhat thickened in the first few species; this would never be mistaken 
for the marked expansion and peculiar vestiture of the Promus group. The form of men- 
tum is also subject to some slight variation; this will be alluded to under the species 
themselves, 

Group I. is characterized by the marked inequality between the spurs of the anterior 
tibiz, notably in the females, and in accordance with this variation we may again sub- 
divide the group into two parts. Section I. contains the large sulcate species. With 
them the anterior spur of the anterior tibia is much smaller than the posterior, the latter 
though scarcely longer is much broader and more robust and obtuse at the tip. Here, 
also, occurs the thickening of the first joint of the anterior tarsus of the male. 

C. obscura, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, 259. Am. Ent. tab. 16. (Eleodes) Esch. 

I cannot accept the feeble differences between the five species described, as indicative 
of specific distinction, With very large series it would be difficult indeed to define even 
races. The three principal variations have been selected as centres, and may for conve- 
nience be called “races,” each may receive separate notice, and the student be thereby 
the better enabled to determine either their validity as species, separation as races, or 
complete union as mere varieties. 

dispersa, Lec.; deleta, Lec. Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 182. 

Variations of sculpture alone form the differences between the three races. ‘The mid- 
dle lobe of the mentum is large, obtuse in front, coarsely punctured and elevated more or 
less along the median line, the lateral lobes are small, strongly inflexed, scarcely evident 
without careful examination. The head is often coarsely punctured, and the clypeo- 
frontal suture by no means rarely visible. Thorax broader than long, moderately convex 
and shining, and sparsely punctured, anteriorly truncate with obtuse angles. ‘The sides 
are rather broadly rounded in front, slightly sinuate behind, margin fine, slightly reflexed, 
base feebly sinuate and one-fourth narrower than at the widest portion; the hind angles 
are never acute, though distinct, generally rectangular. The elytra vary in shape even in 
individuals of the same sex. Their form is, however, elongate oval, generally twice longer 
than broad, sides more or less rounded, occasionally sub-parallel in some males. The 
margin is never acute even at humerus, always rounded. ‘The sculpture consists of very 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOIL. XIV.—i7T 


306 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDAZ OF AMERICA, 


indistinct striw, with the whole surface rather densely and very irregularly muricately 
punctured, The anterior femora are armed in both sexes with a tooth, strong and acute 
in the male, very obtuse in the female and occasionally reduced to a mere sinuation. 

This form occurs in New Mexico. Length 1.25 inch. 

obscura, Say (references already given). 

Differs from the preceding as follows Elytra feebly sulcate, interstices convex and 
rather sparsely muricately punctured, the more densely in the strive, This race is also 
smaller and shows more tendency in the elytra to become reddish brown than the others. 
It agrees in every respect with dispersa excepting the elytral sculpture. Its habitat is 
more northern than the preceding, occurring in Nebraska and Colorado, 

Length 1.05 inch. 

suleipennis, Mann., Beitrag. 226; Mag. Zool. 1848, pl. 128; aruta, Lee., Proc. Acad, 1858, p. 182. 

This form is still more deeply suleate than the preceding and has smoother interstices 
with fewer muricate punctures, 

Specimens occur very abundantly in Oregon, northern Califorma, and through Nevada 
and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona. 

Length hardly varying from 1,25-1.30 inch, 

E. acuta, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, p. 258. Am. Ent. tab. 16. Esch. (Eleodes). 

The form of this species is not greatly different from the preceding. The only con- 
stant character being in the greater acuteness of the elytral margin, especially near the 
humeral angle. The dorsum of elytra is more or less flattened, and in proportion to the 
extent of this depression the margin is more extended from the humeral angle until it is 
almost as evident, though never so acute as in the following species. The thorax is simi- 
lar in form to obsenra and lacks entirely the flattening and very acute margin of suturalis. 
The anterior femora are toothed, the female the more obtuse. The species occurs fiom 


KKansas to Texas and varies in length from 1.-1.40 inch. 


E. suturalis, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, p. 257; Am. Ent. tab. 16; Esch. (Eleodes). 

The general form of this species agrees with the two already mentioned, differing, 
however, in having both the thorax and elytra with a very acute margin, generally slightly 
reflexed in the latter, always so in the former, so that the dorsum appears either flattened 
or concaye, in accordance with the degree to which they are upturned. The sides of the 
elytra are rounded, never parallel, the dorsum is always flat. ‘The anterior femora are not 
very acutely toothed, frequently merely sinuate. Occurs abundantly in Kansas and Ne- 
braska, and varies in length from .8 to 1.2 inch. 


Many specimens have a broad red band along the suture of the elytra. 


E. texanus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1878, p. 182; Thomson, Areana, 1, pl. XT, fig. 5. 


Acutely margined as in the preceding. The thoracic margin is much wider and more 


NORTH OF MEXICO, B07 


reflexed, The thorax is broader, sides more strongly rounded, apex deeply emarginate 
with acute angles, base trisinuate also with acute angles. The elytra are also more 
acutely margined than swfuralis, the dorsum slightly concave, longer and more parallel 
and in the males slightly produced, their surface is also feebly suleate with striee of coarse, 
closely placed punctures. The anterior femora of the male are armed with a rather small 
acute tooth. 


This species has thus far occurred in Texas alone. Length 1.25-1.50 inch. 


Section II. of Group I. contains all those species of the sub-genus Eleodes in which 
the anterior spur of the anterior tibia is notably longer, broader, thicker and more strongly 
curved than the posterior spur, in the females. 

E. pedinoides, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 183. usperata, Lec., (loc. cit.) 

The peculiar form of the elytra distinguishes this and the next from the others of the 
section which follow. The sides are sub-parallel, very feebly rounded and scarcely nar- 
rower (frequently broader) at base than at any other portion. The base is also truncate 
and the angles rectangular, extending under the basal angles of the thorax. In both 
species the middle lobe of the mentum is smaller, rather more acute and more prominent 
in front than the species in the preceding section. The form of the thorax of E. pedi- 
noides is similar to that of acuta, ‘The anterior angles are not acute and the posterior are 
rectangular. The base feebly emarginate and with an impression near each hind angle. 
The sides are rounded anteriorly, slightly sinuate posteriorly. The elytra are oval, not 
narrowed at base, black, glabrous, and never pubescent, feebly sulcate with moderately 
convex interstices, The striz are rather coarsely punctured in some specimens, less evi- 
dently in others. In the variety asperata the punctures become slightly muricate at the 
sides near the apex. The elytra are also moderately convex, margin rounded, the humeri 
are occasionally slightly carinate. The femora are mutic in both sexes. 

Occurs in southwestern Texas. Length .75-.95 inch. 

E. tricostata, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, 262; Lec. (Eleodes); alternata, Kirby, (Pimelia) N. Z., 232; plan- 


ata || Sol., (Eleodes) Bandi e Truqni, p. 266, (indicated by error as from Spain); robusta, Lec., Proc. Acad., 1858, 
p. 183. 


Similar in form to pedinoides, differing in the following characters: Elytra usually 
flattened, margin more acute, alternate intérspaces more elevated, the shallow sulci are 
rather strongly muricately punctured, each puncture with a short robust hair in recent 
specimens. The elytra are never shining as in pedinoides, and the peculiar sub-tricosta- 
tion will readily distinguish it. The variety robusta, as the name indicates, is larger, 
stouter and rather more coarsely muricate. 

The species is abundant on the plains of Kansas and Nebraska and southward into 
Texas. Length .50-.90 inch. 


308 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


Following the Pediniform species, we have another sub-section still having the ante- 
rior spur of the anterior tibia larger than the posterior, but differing especially in the form 
of the elytra. In these the humeral angles of the elytra are but feebly prominent, and 
the base feebly emarginate ; the elytra themselves are always convex, never flattened and 
sub-acute on the margin. The thorax is usually narrowed at base, the angles never 
prominent nor overlapping the elytral base. 

E. carbonaria, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, 260; Lec. (Eleodes); soror, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1358, 185; cnmunis, 
Lec., ib., 186; debil’s, Lec., ib., 185. 

‘This species as above defined may be known from all the others of the sub-section by 
the smooth polished elytra, with rows of large punctures rather distantly placed, the in- 
terstices of the rows are flat. In some specimens the punctures are small, though in 
other respects the characteristics of the species, such as the polish, the distance between 
the rows, are still present. In some specimens of quadricollis there is an evident ten- 
dency to the arrangement of the punctures in rows; in these, however, the interstices 
will be seen to be very distinctly diffusely punctured, besides lacking the peculiar appear- 
ance of carbonaria, readily remembered after sight. 

I have united several other species with carbonaria, as may be seen above. Of these, 
Tam absolutely unable to distinguish even as faint varieties, soror and tmimunis. Debilis 
is a very small form from the mountainous region around Santa ke, and differs from the 
typical form only in having the thorax slightly more transverse and widest at the middle, 
while the others have the thorax widest in front of the middle, From the known degree 
of variation of other species and from the fact that this possesses all the other characters 
of the species, I am unwilling to retain it as distinct. 

The species is rather abundant in southern Colorado, New Mexico and eastern Ari- 
zona and ‘Texas, 

Length .65-1.00 inch. 

E. obsoleta, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, 261. (Eleodes) Lee. 

This species has mutic femora also, and may be known by the suleate or striate elytra. 
‘The suture is frequently reddened, the strie are marked with coarse punctures and the 
interpaces coarsely muricately punctured. The form is usually robust, occasionally elon- 
gate in the males, elytra rather broadly oval and feebly convex on the disc. As in cay. 
honaria, the thorax is sub-quadrate, sides and base feebly rounded, anteriorly very feebly 
emarginate. 

Occurs abundantly on the plains of Kansas and southward to New Mexico. 

Length .50-.80 inch, 

E. quadricollis, Esch., Zool. Atl. IIL, p. 12, tab. 14, fig. 5. Mann.. Beitrag, 268; omdssa, Lee., Proc. Acad. 
1858, 186; vieina, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 153. 


Very similar in form to obsoleta. The elytra are more convex, totally black, with 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 309 


sculpture consisting of punctures sometimes fine, at others rather coarse, rather densely 
but irregularly placed and never muricate, never arranged in rows. ‘The femora are 
mutic in both sexes, ‘The thorax is also narrower at base than in the two preceding spe- 
cies. The elytra of the female are always broadly oval, those of the male elongate, 
scarcely broader than the thorax, 

Occurs in California, from San Francisco to San Diego on the coast, and inland from 
San Jose to ‘Tejon. Specimens have been sent from Sonora. 

Length .60-.80 inch, 


E. humeralis, Lec., Pacif. R. R. Surv. 47 parallel, App. 1, p. 50. 

Differs from the preceding in the rather deeper emargination of the base of the elytra, 
and by the humeral angles a litthke more prominent. ‘The elytra are always opaque to a 
greater or less extent, and very densely muricately punctured or almost granulate. The 
femora are mutic. : 

Occurs in northern California and Oregon, where it replaces quadricollis of the south- 
em regions, 


Length .54-.68 inch. 


E. granulata, Lec., 2; obtusa, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 352, $3 aspera, Lec., New Species, 115; ? subaspera, 


Sol., Stud. Ent. 246. 

From all the other species this may be readily distinguished by the elytral sculpture. 
consisting of rows of moderately elevated, rather smooth tubercles with opaque interspaces. 
Its form is similar to the male of guadricollis, I have placed it in association with extri- 
cata, a species with armed anterior femora, although its femora are scarcely toothed, but 
strongly sinuate near the tip. The other preceding species have the femora of both sexes 
entirely without either a tooth or the suspicion of a sinuation. The specimens in our col- 
lections appear to be rather poorly developed, and from what occurs in other species it is 
inferable that fully developed forms may have a very distinct tooth in the males, I have 
united aspera as a synonym, although the specimen is not before me. I believe it to be 
merely a more roughly sculptured form, bearing the same relation to granulata that aspe- 
rata does to pedinoides. 

Occurs as follows; granuwlata, Oregon; obtusa, California; aspera, New Mexico. 

The three specimens scarcely vary from .60 inch. ‘The last synonym is placed here 
doubtfully. Should it prove to be identical with granulata, this name must be suppressed 
and the name of Solier used instead. 


E. extricata, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, 261. Lee. (Eleodes); cognata, Hald., Stansb. Rep., App. C, p. 376. 
Readily distinguished from all others of the sub-section by the very evident tooth of 
the anterior femur of the male, as well as by the rather more slender form of that sex. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—78 


310 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


‘The thorax is finely and very sparsely punctured, the elytra coarsely and densely, with a 
faint tendency to the arrangement of the punctures in lines, more evident in the smoother 
varicties of the species. Coguata, Hald., is merely a more robust and rather smoother 
form of extricata. 

Occurs abundantly on the plains of Kansas and Nebraska, and some few have been 
obtained in Utah and eastern Oregon, 


Leneth 42-56 inch. 


Group IT. 

This group is distinguished readily from the preceding, by having the spurs of the an- 
terior tibiee very nearly equal in size and in no way differing from each other in thickness 
and shape. 

Section I. contains the bulls of the species of the group, and may be recognised by the 
smooth, sparsely punctured thorax. 

The three following species differ from all the others, by having all the femora of each 
sex armed with a very distinct tooth, large and strong in the first two, small in the last. 
The tibiw are also more strongly curved than in any others of the genus, 

E. militaris, n. sp., black, moderately shining, clongate, similar in form to femoruta. Thorax & sub-quadrate, 
moderately convex, sides rounded, feebly converging at base; apex rather deeply emarginate, angles acute, not denti- 
form; base feebly rounded, angles not prominent; Q thorax one-third broader than long, more convex at sides, moder- 
ately rounded, not conyerging at base; apex as in male, base truncate or feebly rounded, notably broader than apex, 
ugles not prominent. Elytra elongate oval, strongly attenuate behind, very convex above, with distant rows of rathe1 


tine and distant punctures. Lees coarsely punctured. Prosternum prolonged, horizontally mucronate. Mesosternum 


slightly coneave. Length .86-1.00 inch. 

Lower California. Mr. Wm. M. Gabb. 

The sexes of this species differ from each other, in the form of the elytra, the female 
as usual being the broader and more robust, and also in the form of the thorax. In the 
4 there is scarcely any difference between the thoraces of femorata and militaris, while 
that of the female of the latter species is much broader, the sides regularly rounded to the 
basal angles and the base broader near the apex. In both sexes all the femora are armed 
with a very strong triangular tooth, broader but less acute than armata. ‘This species 
differs from arnt in the character last given, and also in its much less prominent and 
never dentiform apical thoracic angles. ‘The elytra approach the form of femorata, and 
are more attenuate behind than in armata, The peculiar form of thorax causes the fe- 
male to appear more obtuse in front. 

EK. armata, Lee, Ann. Lye. 5, 184; Thomson, Arcana 1, Pl. XII, fig. 2. 

‘The elytra of this species are less attenuate, rather more suddenly declivous behind 
than either of the others of the group. The anterior angles of the prothorax are acute, 


usually prominent and dentiform, Further comparison between this and the preceding 


€ 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 311 


species is unnecessary, while from the following it may be distinguished by having very 

much more prominent femoral spurs and by the form of the elytra already mentioned, 
Occurs abundantly on the Colorado Desert (Leconte); those in my cabinet are from 

central Arizona, where it exceeds all other insects in abundance except £. hispilabris, 


Say, (suleata, Lee.) Length .58-1.30 inch. The greater number are over one inch in length, 


E. femorata, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 154. 

The teeth of the femora are all very obtuse. 
Occurs at San Diego, California. 

Length .68-1.00 inch, 


The species of the section hereafter noted differ from the three preceding, in having 
only the anterior femur (if any) toothed. 

In accordance with the form of thorax the species may be again sub-divided, those 
with a sub-quadrate thorax with very feebly rounded sides, and with the base rarely nar- 


rower will be mentioned first. 


E. longicollis, Lee., Ann. Lye. 5, 134. Muydenit, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 186. 

Frequently clongated fusiform in shape, thorax generally longer than broad, sides 
feebly rounded, base always broader than apex. Femoramutic in both sexes. The elytra 
are smooth or feebly punctured, never striate. 

Occurs abundantly in New Mexico and Arizona, and occasionally in Kansas and 
Colorado, 

Length .90-1.25 inch. 


E gentilis, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 187. 

The femora are mutic as in longicollis, from which it differs in its smaller size, more 
quadrate thorax with more rounded sides and rather more prominent anterior angles. 

Occurs at San Diego, Cal. 


Length .75 inch. 


EK. ventricosa, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 168. 

With this species commences a series with the anterior femora of the % (and fre- 
quently 9°) armed with an acute tooth or sinuate. The elytra are also feebly sulcate and 
rows of rather coarse punctures, In this the elytra are strongly ventricose in both sexes, 
and also caudate in the male. ‘The anterior femora of the male are armed with a robust 
tooth, strongly curved. ‘The thorax is broader than long, with sides and base moderately 
rounded, anteriorly feebly emarginate, angles distinct, not dentiform. 

Occurs in ‘Texas, near the Rio Grande. 

Length 1.05-1.40 inch, 


312 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


E. luce, Lee., New Species, p. 114. 

The species is more clongate than the preceding, and very feebly ventricose in the fe- 
male, The elytra are more deeply striate and also caudate in the male. The thorax has 
fecbly rounded sides, an almost truncate base, apex cmarginate, angles distinct, never 
dentiform. Both sexes have the anterior femora armed with an acute straight tooth. 

Abundant near Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, where it replaces gracilis of Arizona 
and the northern end of the Peninsula, 

Length .70-1.04 inch. 


E. gracilis, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 184. 

As in luee. the anterior femora of both sexes are armed with an acute tooth. It dif 
fers by its more elongate form, the dentiform anterior angles of the thorax, as well as by 
the thorax being narrower behind and the sides more strongly rounded, The male is 
never caudate. 

From New Mexico, Arizona, and the upper end of the Peninsula of Lower California. 

Length .78-.94 inch. 

E. innocens, Lec., New Species, p. 114. 

The femora of this species are feebly sinuate. The elytra are rather strongly striate, 
as in luce, The thorax is slightly longer than broad, with feebly rounded sides and trun- 
eate base. The apex is very feebly emarginate, the angles prominent, not dentiform. 

From Cape St. Lucas. 


Length .54 inch. 


The following species have the thorax rounded on the sides and with the sides more 
strongly convergent at base, frequently rather suddenly constricted. 

The first two species have the thorax very convex, hind angles obtuse, humeral angles 
of elytra wanting. In both the elytra are smooth or faintly punctured, never striate or 
suleate., 

FE. grandicollis, Mam., Beitrag. p. 266; Mag. Zool. 1844, pl. 180. valida, Boheman, Eugen. Resa. Ins. p. 90. 

The elytra are rather broadly oval in outline. The anterior femora are toothed in 
both sexes. Dr. Leconte mentions the synonym in Proce, Ac. Nat. Sci. 1859, p. 290, but 
it has been accidentally omitted in his List of Coleoptera, 

Occurs near San Trancisco, Cal. 

Length 1.1.20 inch. 


E. gigantea, Mann., Beitr., p. 267; Mag. Zool. 1848, pl. 127. 

More clongate and attenuate than the preceding. ‘The femora are mutic in both sexes. 
Occurs at San Francisco, and in the Sacramento Valley around the bay. 

Length 1.10-1.40 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, Bilis 


E. nigrina, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 186. 

With this species commences a series in which the humeral angles of the elytra are 
much more distinct than in the two preceding. ‘The thorax is also much less convex. 
From the species following, this one may be readily known by the femora being merely 
feebly sinuate in both sexes. The elytra are feebly striate, with muricate punctures not 
very densely but very irregularly placed. ‘The males are rather more slender than the 
females. ‘The elytra of both are sub-opaque, a character otherwise unknown in the group. 
More decidedly Upiform than any other species. 

Occurs in Oregon, thence eastward to Dacota, and southward into Colorado and 
western Kansas. 


Length .60-.86 inch, 


E. hispilabris, Say, (Blaps) Journ, Acad. 3, 260; Am. Ent. pl. 16. saleata || Lec., Proc. Acad. 6, 67; con- 
vera, Lec., Pacif. R. R. Repts., App. 1, p. 49; nupta, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 183. : 

I have no hesitation in applying the name of Say to one of our species, better known 
under the pre-occupied designation sulcata, Lee. The description and figure of Say ap- 
pear to me perfectly applicable to this and not to one of the larger species of Group I. 
The prominent dentiform anterior thoracic angles, so well described and figured, are not 
found in any species of the obscura series. Tam unable to find characters warranting the 
division of the species into three others, the forms so completely passing from one to the 


ewushed from all 


jo) 


other without a break in the series. The species may be readily distin 
those having the same form of thorax, by the more or less deeply sulcate elytra, with con- 
vex interstices. ‘The strive are punctured and the interstices smooth. In the variety 
nupta, the elytra are rather more convex and broader, and the sulci less deep, and the 
interstices consequently much less convex. 

Occurs abundantly in Oregon and Arizona, Kansas, Colorado and Texas. Say’s spe- 
cimens came from ‘“ Missouri,” a very badly defined geographical region in his day. 

Length .70-1.05 inch. 


E. sponsa, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 184. 

In general form this species resembles the preceding. The thorax is, however, less 
rounded on the sides and more nearly quadrate. The anterior angles are acute and fre- 
quently prominent. The elytra are elongate oval, slightly flattened, feebly sub-striate 
and with the interstices rather coarsely muricately punctured. The apex is moderately 
acute in the male, never prolonged or caudate. The anterior femora of the males are fur- 
nished with an acute tooth, the females with one more obtuse. 

Occurs in southern Colorado and eastern New Mexico. 

Length .80-.96 inch. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—79 


jolt REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


E. caudifera, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 184. 

Differs from the preceding as follows: Males with the apex of elytra prolonged or 
caudate; anterior femora armed with an obtuse tooth in the males, mutic in females. 

Occurs with the preceding. 


Length .70-.90 inch, exclusive of elytral prolongation, 


E. acuticauda, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 135; laticollis, Lee., ib. 

In this species the thorax is at least one-half broader than long, sides very strongly 
rounded, base strongly constricted ; anterior angles very acute, prominent and dentiform. 
The elytra are elongate and strongly produced in the male, not suddenly caudate. The 
sculpture consists of strive of fine punctures, The anterior femora of both sexes are acutely 
toothed, tooth rather small. . 

Oceurs only in extreme southern California, The synonym belongs to a larger and 
narrower form, 


Length .90-1.30 inch, 


E. dentipes, Esch., Zool. Atl. 3, 10, pl. 14, fig. 4; Mann. Beitrag. 267; Guerin. Mag. Zool. 4, 31, pl. 117. 

The thorax is much less broad than acutieauda, the sides less rounded and the an- 
terior angles less prominent, and the elytra are never as produced. Both sexes have the 
anterior femora armed, thongl the tooth is less prominent and broader than in the prece- 
ding species, : 

The most abundant species in California south of the latitude of San Francisco, and 
very variable both in sculpture and general form, 


Length .62-1.05 inch. 


Section B. 

E. granosa, Lec., New Species, p. 116. 

The elytral sculpture of this species is peculiar and without any parallel in the genus. 

One specimen in the cabinet of Dr. Leconte, from California, another in my own, from 
Nevada, collected by Mr. Wm, M. Gabb. 


Length .65-.75 inch. 


E. pilosa, n. sp., black obaque. Head coarsely and densely punctured, sparsely clothed with short, black, 
sub-erect hairs. Thorax sub-quadrate, feebly narrowed behind, sides moderately rounded, margin hardly evident: 
apex and base truncate, angles not prominent; above very coarsely and confluently punctured with erect black hairs. 
Elytra oval, moderately convex, humeri indistinct, surface faintly sub-striate with densely and irregularly placed mu- 
ricate punctures, cach bearing a rather lone black hair. Beneath muricately punctured and setose, abdomen more 


shining, less densely punctured. Femora mutic in both sexes. 
Occurs abundantly in Owens’ Valley, California, and in western Nevada (Gabb), 
Length .46-.60 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. So 


E. hirsuta, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 352. 

Readily known from the two preceding, by the shining, densely punctured and pubes- 
cent elytra. Its form is more robust and the elytra more broadly oval. 

From the same regions with pilosa. 


Length 40-44 inch. 


Occurs in Owens’ Valley, California, (Horn), and western Nevada (Gabb). 


Sub-Genus BLAPYLIs. 


This sub-generie name is proposed for some small species in which the males have 
two (sometimes three) basal joints of the anterior tarsi clothed with a rather dense silken 
pubescence, obliterating entirely the groove. These joints are never dilated nor thick- 
ened, The femora are all unarmed. The thorax has rather strongly rounded sides, and 
always greatly narrowed at base, frequently constricted, appearing to be almost peduncu- 
late. The elytra are oval, strongly rounded on the sides, humeral angles usually obtuse. 
The tibial spurs are usually short, stout and sub-equal. 

This assemblage of characters will readily distinguish the species of this sub-genus, of 
which cordate may be considered the central form. ‘The peculiar tarsal vestiture is seen 
also in the following sub-genus, where it becomes more spongy, and in ventricosa, where 
the anterior tarsi of some males are more hairy than spinous. 

Two sections are found in the sub-genus. The first contains species with a less 


strongly constricted thorax, and with the lateral margin extending to the basal margin, 


E. scabripennis, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 77, @; tnewlta, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 352, 4. 

The base of thorax is rather more strongly rounded, the disc much less convex, and 
the sides much less rounded than any of the species of the sub-genns. The elytra are 
very densely and irregularly muricately punctured. 

From Santa Barbara and Ft. Tejon, California. 


Leneth .55-.65 inch. 
2. 


E. clavicornis, Esch., Zool. Atl. 38, p. 11 Mann. Beitrag. 270; tmpressieollis, Bohemann, Eugen. Resa. Ins.. 
p. 90. 


The impressicollis of Bohemann, is merely a specimen of this species with two thoracic fovee. Accidental varie- 


ties of this kind frequently occur in many of the species, especially in small individuals. 
This species is among the smallest of the genus, and may be easily recognised from 
the characters given in the table. The middle lobe of the mentum is much more acute 


and prominent than in its allies, resembling somewhat that of the larger species previously 


316 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID® OF AMERICA, 


cited. The elytra are rather coarsely and densely punctured in scarcely evident lines, 
each puncture bearing a short hair. 
Occurs in California from San Francisco to the head of Sacramento Valley. 


Length .36-.50 inch, 


E. lecontei, Horn; swdaspera || Lee., New Species, p. 115. 

I change the name given it by Leconte, Soler having used the name many years be- 
fore, Closely allied to consobrina, The sides of the thorax are regularly rounded to the 
basal angles, and the angles scarcely evident. The elytral sculpture consists of irregularly 
but closely placed granules. 

Found in Colorado, 


Length .60 inch. 


E. consobrina, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, p. 135; vesey?, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 187. 

This species begins a series with the thorax more strongly constricted at base; in this 
and the two following, however, the lateral line still extends to the base. The elytral 
sculpture consists of muricate punctures rather irregularly placed on the dise, becoming 
tubercles on the sides, 

Abundant at Fort Tejon, California, 

Length .60-.74 inch. 


E. tenebrosa, black, opaque. ead rather coarsely punctured; thorax one-third broader than long, very 
coarsely punctured, becoming granular at the sides; sides strongly rounded, margin entire, basal angles moderately 
prominent, rectangular; elytra elongate oval, moderately convex, sides moderately rounded, basal angles obtuse, sur- 
face rather densely and irregularly covered with small, rounded, shining tubercles, arising from a very opaque base. 


Under surface and legs coarsely and densely punctured. 
From Owens’ Valley, California, (collected by myself’), and from western Nevada (by 
Mr. Gabb). 


Length .544-.659 inch. 


The elytra are scarcely broader at their broadest part than the thorax, and much less 


rounded on the sides than any species of this section of the sub-genus. 


E. planipennis, Lee., New Species, p. 116. 

The elytra of this species are quite flat on the disc, and the margin less obtuse than 
the other species. ‘The thorax is also more deeply emarginate in front, and the anterior 
femora rather more strongly sinuate. “Lhe elytra are also more finely and less densely 
muricately punctured, 

From eastern New Mexico, 


Length .64 inch, 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 317 


The second section of the sub-genus contains those species in which the thorax is 
strongly constricted at base, almost pedunculate, and the lateral marginal line not attain- 
ing the basal margin. On account of the extreme variation of which the species are sus- 
ceptible, many more names have been applied to the varieties than we can draw lines to 
separate. On account of the difficulty of ascertaining accurately the forms to which Esch- 
scholtz’s names were applicable, Dr. Leconte obtained types from Europe, some of which 
were carefully compared by the late Dr. Schaum, while others were furnished by Mene- 
tries and Motschulsky from the original collection of Eschscholtz, and with this assistance 
and the large numbers of specimens in Dr. Leconte’s cabinet and my own, I can safely as. 
sert that but three species should be recognized in the fourteen varieties already known to us, 


E. parvicollis, Esch., Zool. Atl. 3, p. 12; Mann. Beitrag. 271; planata, Esch., et Mann. loc. cit.; producta, 
Mann., loc. cit.; parvicollis, Esch., et Mann. loc. cit.; seabrosa, Esch., et Mann., loc. cit.; constricta, Lec., Proc. 
Acad. 1858, p. 187. 


This species has the thorax comparatively smooth. The punctures, though rather 
coarse, are never confluent, and the thorax has never the scabrous appearance of the two 
succeeding species. The elytra are also rather coarsely punctured than intricately rugose, 
as in the next. The form of elytra varies greatly, and on this alone have been founded 
the numerous names cited above as synonyms. 

E. producta has the humeral angles very distinct and the dise of the elytra more flat- 
tened, approaching in this respect planipennis. ‘The humeral angles, however, become 
less distinct, and at the same time the disc more convex, and the transition is very grad- 
ual and easy through planata and parvicollis to scabrosa. ‘Typical specimens of all the 
species are before me, and it is easy to complete series leading gradually from one form to 
the other, all preserving, however, the common characters given in the synoptic table. 

‘This species is abundant at San Francisco and around the bay in a southerly direction. 

Length .42-.64 inch. 

E. cordata, Esch., Zool. Atl. 3, p. 12; Mann. Beitr., p. 273; tubereulata, Esch., et. Mann. loe. cit.; intricata, 
Mann., Beitr., p. 273; rotundipennis, Lec., stricta, Lec., Pacif. R. R. Reports, App. 1, p. 50. 

Differs from the preceding in having the thorax densely and confluently punctured. 
The sides of the thorax are more strongly rounded in front, behind the middle nar- 
rowing rather suddenly, causing them to appear somewhat sub-angulate. This character is 
seen in the next species, but never in the previous one, ‘The elytra are also more rugose, 
the spaces between the punctures are elevated and convex, and more or less confluent 
transversely. 

The species is abundant in the region of San Francisco, extending its range to the 
southward through the Sacramento Valley and into Oregon, where it is replaced by the 
next species. 

Length .40-.62 inch. 

AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—80 


318 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


E. pimelioides, Mam., Beitrag. 274; Mag. Zool. 1843, pl. 129; vitor, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 188; swbli- 
gata, Lee., Pacif. R. R. Rep., App. 1, p. 50. 


The elytra of this species are more opaque than either of the preceding, and have rows 
of small rounded tubercles placed in rather regular series, less distinct along the suture. 
The form of thorax is similar to the preceding, and is coarsely and coufluently punctured. 

Abundant in Oregon and Montana, and is distributed in the same manner as nigrind, 
except that it does not extend into New Mexico. 

Length .38—.54 inch. 

In all the species of this sub-genus the middle lobe of the mentum is rather broader, 
more obtuse in front (except claricornis), and the lateral lobes much less evident than in 
the normal Eleodes (sub-gen.) In claricornis the middle lobe is rather prominent and 
more produced. 


Sub-Genus Prous. 


The first and second joints of the anterior tarsi of the male are thickened and flat- 
tened beneath, and densely clothed with a very fine almost spongy pubesence, Combined 
with these there is a peculiar more or less fusiform outline to the species. ‘The sides of 
the thorax always converge anteriorly, and the elytra become gradually broader in the 


same line with the sides of the thorax. 


E. opaca, Say, (Blaps) Journ. Acad. 3, p. 262; (Eleodes) Lec.; (Promus) Lec., Class. Col. N. Am., p. 226. 

In this species the dorsum of elytra is quite flat, the margin rather acute, the surface 
is opaque and sparsely covered with short recumbent setose hairs. ‘The base of elytra is 
deeply emarginate, the angles clasping the obtuse basal angles of the thorax. The first 
tivo joints of the anterior tarsus of the male are distinctly broader. The femora are un- 
armed, 

Occurs abundantly on the plains of Kansas and Colorado. 

Length .42-.50 inch. 

E. fusiformis, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 184. 

Similar in form to the preceeding. The dorsum is, however, much less flattened and 
the margin not acute. ‘The surface is black and shining, neither opaque nor pubescent, 
but rather finely and closely sub-seriately punctured. The elytral humeral angles clasp 
the angles of the thorax. The femora are mutic. The joints of the anterior tarsi can 
hardly be called dilated, still their rertica7 measurement is greater than that of the female, 
in which the joints are nearly cylindrical. There need be no doubt as to the position of 
the species, its peculiar form and produced humeral angles show its relationship with 
Opacd. 

Occurs rarely, on the plains of Nebraska, southward through New Mexico, and is 
more abundant, though by no means common, in Texas. 

Length .50-.60 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 319 


E. seriata, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 185. 

The elytra of this species are frequently inflated in the female, always very convex 
and without any semblance of even an obtuse margin. Their sculpture consists of distant 
rows of large and rather distant punctures, ‘The anterior femora of the male are armed 
with an obtuse tooth, and the two basal joints distinctly thickened and dilated. 

Occurs in New Mexice and Texas, 

Length .66-.80 inch. 

E. subnitens, Lec., Ann. Lye. 5, 134. 

Similar in form to seriafa, but less robust and more fusiform, ‘The elytral margin is 
regularly rounded, as in the preceding species. The surface is sub-opaque and the sculp- 
ture of distant strive of fine punctures. ‘The male has an acute tooth to the anterior fe- 
mur, and the two basal joints very distinctly thickened, 

The unique specimen came from the region of Arizona traversed by the Gila River. 

Length .70 inch. 

E. striolata, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 185. 

It is not without some misgivings that I place this species in the present sub-genus. 
Three specimens are known to me, all females. ‘The anterior spurs of the anterior tibiie 
in all the species of Promus, are similar in structure to that seen in Section B, Group I. 
Eleodes, thus increasing the difficulty of assigning places in the genus to females when 
the male is unknown, The anterior femora of the specimen before me are very feebly 
sinuate, and should the male prove to have simple tarsi and a toothed femur, the species 
should be placed near extricata. As in the two preceding species, the basis of elytra are 
very feebly emarginate, the angles acute, neither prolonged nor clasping the thoracic base. 
‘The surface is marked with approximate strive of rather fine punctures. The apex of 
elytra is faintly prolonged, with the tips of the elytra slightly separated. 

Occurs in southwestern Texas and adjoining regions of Mexico, 

Length .65-.77 inch. 


DISCOGENIA, Lec. 


Discogenia, Lec., New Spec. 117. 

‘This genus differs from Eleodes by very feeble characters, the value of which may be 
at any time lessened by the discovery of intermediate forms. The “mentum is quite flat, 
not at all trilobed, but transverse, widened from the base to the middle, then rounded, 
both at the front and sides, the lateral angles being also rounded at tip; the surface is 
punctured and is foveate on each side near the angle.” The epipleure of the elytra, as in 
Kleodes, are rather suddenly dilated at base and are slightly visible from above. The 
tarsi are similar in both sexes and rather coarsely spinous beneath. The tibial spurs are 
similar in the sexes and nearly equal. 


320 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


D. marginata, Esch., (Eleodes) Zool. Atl. 8, 10; Mann. Beitrag. 269. Hischeri, Mann., Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 


137; Beitrag. 269. Lee. (Discogenia) New Species, 117. 

The thorax is broader than long, strongly rounded on the sides and finely margined, 
and with the hind angles not prominent; anteriorly feebly emarginate angles obtuse, 
The elytra are oval, rather pointed behind, and seareely wider than the thorax, the hu- 
meral angles are obtuse, ‘The anterior femora of the male are armed with an obtuse 
tooth, the femora of the female are mutic. 

Occurs not abundantly in the region surrounding the Bay of San Francisco, 

Length .56-.82 inch, 

D. secabricula, Lec., (Eleodes) Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 187; (Discogenia) New Species, p. 117. 

‘This species is more robust, much more rugosely sculptured, and differs especially in 
the anterior femora of the female being armed with an obtuse tooth, 

Length .76 inch, 

IMBAPHION, Say. 

Embaphion, Say, Journ. Acad. 8, p. 258; Lacordaire Genera V., p. 152. 

This genus is separated trom Eleodes by rather feeble characters. The epipleurie are 
always narrow, the suture rarely visible except at apex, at base scarcely and not suddenly 
wider, never attaining the humeral angles of elytra. The anterior tibia at base are very 
distinctly sinuate in the males, less in the females. ‘The thorax and elytra are always 
acutely, sometimes broadly, margined; the elytral margin more or less distinctly reflexed. 
The mentum is trilobed, the middle lobe broad, rounded in front, the lateral lobes small 
and inflexed. 


E. muricatum, Say, Journ. Acad. 8, 251; concavum, Lee., Proc. Acad. VI, p. 446; Thomson, Arcana 1, pl. 


xii, fig. 10. 

‘This species may be readily distinguished from the others of the genus by the very 
broad foliaceous margin of the thorax and elytra, very strongly reflexed. The elytral 
margin extends beyond the apex and the two meet on a line with the suture. The thor- 
acic margin is broad and widens behind, so that the hind angles are prominent, sub-acute, 
and project backwards over the basal angles of the elytra. ‘The thorax itself (less the 
margins) is narrow, longer than broad, and about equal to half the width of the elytra 
(without margin). The dise of elytra (without margin) is elongate oval, the humeral 
angles not prominent and are rounded. ‘The angles formed by the margin are nearly 
nght. The base of the thorax is strongly trisinuate; the base of the thorax proper be- 
ing rounded, that of the margin on each side emarginate. ‘The base of elytra is emargin- 
ate at middle, and on each side broadly rounded.  Conearimn, Lee.. is merely a large 
form with more strongly reflexed margins. ‘The elytra of both forms are sculptured with 
approximate series of fine punctures, each bearing a short hair, 

Occurs rather abundantly from Kansas to ‘Texas. 


Length .50-.76 inch. 


NORTII OF MEXICO. BYAl 


E. econtusum, Lec., Journ. Acad., Ser. 2, 4, p. 40; Smithson. Cent. 1859; Col, Kans. and New Mex. 15, 
pl. 1, fig. 8. 

This species may be known by the broader thorax (proper), with narrower, less re- 
flexed margins. The margin is, however, thin, as in the preceding, and formed by the 
sudden attenuation of the sides of the thorax. ‘The sides of the margin are rounded from 
apex and not broader at base. The basal angles are broadly rounded. The base of 
thorax has the hind angles more prominent than the middle of the base, the middle very 
squarely truncate. The elytra are elongate oval, and the humeral angles (without margin) 
distinct, though obtuse, the margin is acute, slightly reflexed, and always attaining the 
apex of the elytra. The males are always provided with an apical prolongation of the 
elytra, rather abrupt and with the tips slightly separated. ‘The epipleure are always 
poorly defined except near the apex. The sculpture above is similar to the preceding 
species; specimens from Arizona are more opaque, 

Occurs from Kansas to Arizona. 

Length .50-.78 inch. 

E. elongatum. This is the most elongate of our species, the elytra being fully twice longer than broad. The 
thorax is less margined than the preceding, and the disc moderately convex aboye, evidently narrower behind. The 
thorax is emarginate in front, less deeply than the preceding. The middle of the base is slightly prolonged, and the 
angles formed by the margin very obtusely rounded. The elytra are elongate, feebly rounded on the sides, gradually 
narrowing to apex and attenuate, margin acute, not foliaceous, extending to apex. Humeral angles distinct. Epi- 
pleure indistinctly defined except at apex. The legs are long and slender, the hind femur longer than the first four 
abdominal segments. The head is sparsely muricately punctured, the thorax is sparsely punctured on the disc, granu- 

lar on the margins, the elytra are sculptured as in the preceding species. 
: Occurs in western Nevada. For the only specimen in my cabinet I am indebted to Mr. Win. M. Gabb, of the 
Geological Survey of California. 
Length .60, width .20 inch. 


E. planum. Thorax one-half broader than long, feebly convex above and slightly narrower behind, anteriorly 
not deeply emarginate, posteriorly with the middle of base truncate, not prolonged, margin acute, not foliaceous nor 
suddenly formed. Margin gradually rounded, slightly broader behind, hind angles obtuse, reunded and slightly pro- 
jecting beyond the middle of the base. Elytra elongate oval, sides rounded, gradually narrowing to apex and acute 
behind, not caudate. Margin acute, feebly reflexed, not attaining the apex. Disc flattened, never concave, angles 
distinct, rounded, middle of base prolonged. Epipleural limits distinctly defined. The sculpture is similar in all re- 
spects to contusum. 

In this species the thorax is broader than one elytron and nearly equals the breadth 
of one-and-a-half. It may be readily distinguished from contusum by the width of the 
dise of the thorax, by the males being never caudate or having suddenly acute elytra, by 
the greater distinctness of the epipleural limits and by the margin of the elytra never at- 
taining the apex. 

Occurs in Kansas and Colorado. 

Length .26-.70 inch. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—81 


22 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 

E. depressum, Lee., (Eleodes) Ann. Lye. 5, 136; (Embaphion) List of Col. N. A., p. 60. 

In this species the thin margin is almost totally wanting. ‘The thorax is moderately 
convex, one-third broader than long, very coarsely punctured, slightly narrower behind. 
The sides are moderately rounded, Anteriorly rather feebly emarginate, posteriorly with 
the middle of the base shghtly prominent, angles obtuse. Elytra broadly oval, base 
emarginate, angles prominent, sides strongly rounded, gradually narrowing to apex, Mar- 
ginal line attaining the apex. Epipleurie limited by a very distinct elevated line. Third 
abdominal segment placed obliquely to the second, especially evident in the males. ‘The 
antenne, legs, parts of mouth and last two abdominal segments, are ferrugimous brown in 
color. ‘The elytra have rows of moderately coarse punctures, bearing short hairs, and are 
generally more rugose than any of the preceding species. 

This is the most robust species of the genus, and is especially noticeable in having the 
thorax and elytra more distant. ‘The antennie are also shorter and stouter, and with the 
basal joints more pubescent. 

Occurs rarely at Vallecito (Leconte), Maricopa Desert (Horn). 
Length 38-44 inch. 


In a review of the species of Embaphion, it will be particularly noticed that there is a 
eradual lessening of the foliaceous margin from miuricatiun to depressuin, In consequence 
of this, the anterior emargination of the thorax diminishes from the deep notch with al- 
most parallel sides, almost equalling in depth the length of the head, (auricatum) to the 
simple broad shallow emargination so frequently seen in Eleodes. In the broadly mar- 
eined species the thorax proper is narrow, sometimes longer than wide, and with a dimi- 
mution of the margin the thorax gradually widens, until, in depresswin, the thorax is much 
broader than long, and the margin almost entirely absent. The epipleural line follows 
the same rule; almost entirely absent except at apex in the margined species, it becomes 
more distinct until in plane and depressuin the whole course is marked either by a faint 
vroove in the one and a distinctly elevated line in the other. In all the species except 
planum the lateral margin of the elytra extends to the apex. The humeral angles of the 
clytra proper (without the margin) are the more distinct as the acute margin is less so, 
and in depresswm the rather deep emargination of the elytral base causes them to become 


quite prominent. 


Following these characters our species may be tabulated ; 


Hind angles of thorax acute and overlapping the humeral angles of elytra. 
Body broadly margined. muricatum., 
Hind angles of thorax obtuse, not overlapping basal angles of elytra ; 


body acutely, not broadly, margined. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 323 


Thorax sparsely and not coarsely punctured, distinctly margined; not 


distant from elytra; legs black ; abdominal segments on same 


plane. 
Elytral margin attaining apex of elytra. 
Broadly oval; males distinctly caudate. contusum., 
Elongate oval; elytra gradually narrowed. elongatum. 


Elytral margin not attaining the apex. 
Males not caudate. planum., 
Thorax very coarsely punctured; elytra broadly oval, sub-rugose ; 


legs ferruginous brown; third abdominal segment oblique. depressum. 


TRIBE XVIII—SCAURINI, 


Body elongate, apterous; head prolonged behind the eyes, which are narrow, trans- 
verse, reniform and moderately coarsely granulate ; front prolonged, concealing the labrum, 
sides dilated and slightly reflexed; mentum small, distinctly trilobed, lateral lobes in- 
flexed, ligula prominent, gular peduncle distinct ; palpi with the last joint dilated; gular 
peduncle distinct ; antenn eleven-jointed, outer joints rounded, transverse. Elytra feebly 
embracing the abdomen, with narrow epipleure attaining the tip; mesosternum. short, 
side pieces narrow, epimera distinct. Anterior coxe rounded, middle coxe with distinct 
trochantin; hind cox distant; scutellum broad. not penetrating between the elytra. 
Tarsi coarsely spinous beneath. 

The scutellum occupies almost entirely the mesonotum. In addition to the very minute 
punctures, almost entirely hidden in fine pubescence, the antenne have the outer joints 
coarsely punctured, This same peculiarity is less distinctly reproduced among the Tene- 
brionini, between which tribe and Blaptini the Scanrini naturally occupy an intermediate 
position. 

The tribe is divisible into two groups. 

Third joint of antenne long; joints four to eleven gradually diminishing, terminal joint acute. Intercoxal pro- 
cess of first abdominal segment broader than long, the segment equal to the second and third; third and fourth seg- 
ments very short and deeply emarginate. Femora of male toothed, strongly clavate, CERENOPI, 


Third joint of antenne not elongate; joints four to eleven sub-equal; last joint rounded; intercoxal process longer 


than broad; first segment of abdomen not longer than the two succeeding; third and fourth segments feebly emar- 


ginate; femora never suddenly clavate and always mutie. EULABES. 


GROUP I—EULABES. 


EULABIS, L£sch. 
Euwlabis, Esch., Zool. Atl. IIT, p. 14. 
Epantius, Lee., Ann. Lye. V., p. 144. 
Apsena, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 228. 
This genus alone constitutes the group, and may be readily recognized by the charac- 


324 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


ters already given. ‘The mentum as in Eleodes varies in form without affording reliable 
data on which to divide the genus. Our species may be arranged as follows : 
Thorax bicostate, gradually narrowing behind, sides slightly sinuous 
near the hind angles, margin acute, reflexed. bicarinata. 
Thorax not costate, margin not reflexed, sides regularly rounded. 
Legs black ; species large. STOSSs4. 
Legs ferruginous ; species smaller. 
Elytra finely costate. 
Thorax as wide at base as base of elytra; elytra not 
pubescent. run pes. 
Thorax narrower at base than elytra ; elytra pubescent. pu bescens. 
Elytra with series of large, distant, shallow punctures, inter- 
stices not elevated, 
Thorax narrower at base than elytra; elytra glabrous. obscura. 
E. bicarinata, Eseh., Zool. Atl. IIL, p. 15, pl. 18, fig. 8. Figured also by Solier, Bandi e Truqui Studi. 
Entom. pl. 11, fig. 1. 
Occurs not rarely at San Francisco and Sacramento, California, under stones, ete. 
Length .80—.40 inch. 
E. grossa, Lec., New Species, p. 118. 
Entirely black, sub-opaque. 
Oceurs on the Island of San Clemente, coast of California, 
Length .47-.59 inch. 
E. rufipes, Esch., Zool. Atl. IN, p. 15. 
Readily distinguished by the characters given in the table. The humeral angles are 
more acute than in any species excepting brearmata, 
Occurs abundantly at San Francisco and in the San Joaquin Valley. 
Leneth .25-.28 inch. 
E. pubescens, Lec., Amn. Lye. V., p. 144; (Apsena) Class. Col. N. A., p. 228. 
The pubescence of the elytra is very short, erect, and of a yellow color, 
Occurs at San Diego, San Clemente, and in the Peninsula of California. 
Length .30-.38 inch. 
E. obscura, Lec., (Epantius) Ann. Lye. V., p. 144; (Eulabis) Class. Col. N. A., p. 228. 
Differs from the other species in the sculpture of the elytra. ‘The generic characters 
are of too feeble value to allow the genus to be retained, as stated in Class. Col. N. A.. 
p. 228. 
Occurs in the southern part of California. 


Length .50 inch, 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 325 


GROUP II—CERENOPT. 


Two genera are very clearly indicated among the species heretofore considered as con- 


stituting but one. 


External apical angele of anterior tibie not prolonged. ARGOPORIS. 
g ] g 
5 ae aes 7 “ prolonged. CERENOPUS. 


ARGOPORIS, 7. gen. 


The species of this genus differ from those of Cerenopus, in having the anterior tibie 
curved and the outer angle rounded. ‘The epistoma is also rounded in front, never emar- 
ginate or squarely truncate. The labrum is more prominent. The tibia of the males are 
all denticulate within. ‘The anterior and posterior femora are equally clavate. 

Two species in our own fauna and one from Mexico (probably undescribed) constitute 
this genus, as follows: 

Elytra finely sulcate, interstices elevated. 
Hind femora % with an acute tooth, with denticulate edges. sulcipennis. 
Elytra with rows of large punctures, interstices flat. 
Legs ferruginous. 
Hind femora % with a bifid tooth. bicolor. 
(Legs black; male not seen. Mexico. altiped:) 

A. sulcipennis, Lec., (Cerenopus) Ann. Lye. V., p. 143. 

Differs from dicolor in the elytral sculpture and the form of tooth of hind femur of 
male. The legs are ferruginous. The upper surface of body is rather more opaque than 
either of the other species, and the thorax more densely and coarsely punctured. 

Occurs in Oregon, California and Arizona. 

Length .44-.54 inch. 

A. bicolor, Lec., (Cerenopus) Ann. Lye. V., p. 148. 

The thorax of this species is finely and sparsely punctured, and the entire upper sur- 
face of body glabrous. 

Occurs very abundantly in Arizona. Specimens are also found in Sonora and the 
Colorado Desert. 

Length .42-.58 inch. 

CERENOPUS, Lee. 

Cerenopus, Lee., Ann. Lye. V., p. 148. 

The external apical angle of the anterior tibie is always prolonged, though rather ob- 
tuse at apex, and the tibie feebly arcuate. The anterior femora are always very suddenly 

clavate in the male, the thickened portion being quadrangular in section, and notably 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—82 


326 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID OF AMERICA, 


more enlarged than the posterior femora, The anterior tibize are alone denticulate on the . 
immer margin. ‘The species have black legs, are three in number, and may be distin- 
gushed as follows: P 
Hind femora 4 denticulate, one tooth shghtly longer. 
Epistoma prolonged, excavate beneath. ‘concolor. 
Hind femora § armed with a long acute tooth. 
Elytra with rows of large punctures, interstices flat. Ciba a tus. 
Flytra with rows of small punctures, interstices alternately 
more cleyated. costulatus, 

E. concolor, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., p. 148; Thomson, Arcana 1, pl. xii, fig. 3. 

The largest species of the genus. It may be known by the armature of the hind 
femora of the male, the more prolonged and excavated epistoma. The elytra are oval, 
broader at or behind the middle, and the surface marked with rows of large faintly im- 
pressed punctures, of which the interstices are scarcely convex. ‘The outer joints of the 
antenne are less transverse than in the following species, The thorax is also more deeply 
emarginate at base, 

Occurs on the borders of the Colorado Desert, and in the northern end of the Penin- 
sula of Lower California. 


Length .70-—.94 inch. 

C. cribratus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 337. 

With the same general form of the preceding species, this one has the thorax less 
narrowed behind and less emarginate at base. The elytra are oval, broader in front of the 
middle. The rows of large punctures are arranged in pairs. Near the apex of the elytra 
the interspaces between the second and third, and sixth and seventh rows are elevated 
and confluent, and form on each elytron a very prominent tubercle. The outer joints of 
the antenne are more transverse than In concolor. The hind femora of the males are 
armed with a rather long acute tooth, the females are unarmed. 

Occurs at the extremity of the Peninsula of Lower California. 

Length .50-.70 inch. 

C.costulatus. Black, sub-opaque; thorax sub-quadrate, slightly longer than broad and somewhat narrower 
behind; apex truncate, base feebly emarginate, hind angles rectangular; sides rounded in front, straight behind the 
middle. Elytra elongate oval, wider in front of middle; surface striate, strive with coarse feebly impressed punctures, 
interstices elevated, sub-acute, alternately larger, the first and third of the larger costw confluent near the apex, form- 
ing a slight elevation, 

Hind femora of males with an acute tooth. 

This species bears a very close relationship to the preceding, though abundantly dis- 
tinct. ‘The thorax is more quadrate and much more distinctly punctured. ‘The antennie 


have the last five joints very transverse, more than twice broader than long. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. B21 


‘Two male specimens only were collected by Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, near the centre of 
the Peninsula of Lower California. 
Length .64 inch. 


TRIBE XIX—-AMPHIDORINI. 


Mentum transverse, trapeziform, and sub-trilobed; ligula moderately prominent, 
small, truncate in front; last joint of palpi oval, last joint of maxillary palpi securiform or 
triangular. Head short, deeply inserted; eyes not prominent and deeply emarginate by 
the sides of the front, Epistoma emarginate. T.abrum moderately prominent, transverse, 
basal membrane not visible. Antenna moderately robust, third joint equalling the two 
succeeding, joints four to eight obconical, equal, last three joints broader and thicker, the 
terminal being oval, more or less pointed. Intercoxal process of abdomen usually broad, 
truncate, Tarsi clothed with long, coarse hairs. Body clothed with erect hairs. 

The group of genera forming this tribe has been a source of trouble to all investiga- 
tors who have undertaken its study, and as many different opinions prevail as attempts 
made to place it. While the group exhibits undoubted tendencies in its lower forms 
towards the Helopini, as a whole the affinities toward the Blaptini and Tenebrionini are 
more evident. The form of head is rather that of Upis or even Eleodes than Helops. 
‘The eyes are here very feebly convex and distinctly emarginate anteriorly by a prolonga- 
tion backward of the sides of the front. In Helops the eyes are almost entirely free in 
front, and the margin of the head directly in front of the eyes very distinctly angulate, 
Lacordaire indicates affinities in the direction of Praocis, but any discussion of this subject 
beyond the genera of our own fauna is foreign to the objects of the present paper. 


Our genera may be distinguished from each other by the following table : 


Epipleure broad. 
Outer joints of antenni sub-globose ; first joint of hind tarsi elongate, 
longer than the second; intercoxal process of abdomen broad trun- 
cate; prosternum produced behind the cox; hind tibiw of male 
with a tooth near apex. CRATIDUS. 
Epipleure narrow. 
Outer joints of antenne sub-globose ; first joint of hind tarsi as long 
as the two following ; intercoxal process broad truncate ; prosternum 
produced ; mesosternum prominent. ; AMPHIDORA. 
Outer joints of antenne sub-triangular; first joint of hind tarsi 
longer than the second; intercoxal process narrow, oval at tip; pro- 
sternum not produced behind the cox; mesosternum not promi- 


nent. STENOTRICHUS. 


328 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


CRATIDUS, Lec. 
Cratidus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 239. 
After the characters given defining the tribe, and those above in the table of genera, 


it is unnecessary to add anything further here, 


‘Two species constitute this genus. ; 
Hind angles of thorax distinct. asculans, 
Hind angles of thorax rounded. rotundicollis. 


E. oseulans, Lee., (Amphidora) Ann. Lye. V., p. 186; (Cratédus) Class. Col. N. A., p. 289; Thomson, Ar- 


cana 1, pl. xii, fig. 4. 


The sides of the thorax are strongly rounded, and the hind angles distinct. The elytra 
are rather densely punctured, with an obscure tendency in larger punctures to form stri, 
The hairs are long, yellow, and erect. The sexes do not differ greatly in the shape of 


the body ; the males are, however, shehtly narrower and more attenuate behind. 


fo] 


Length .50-.70 inch. 


Abundant in California, at and south of Fort ‘Tejon. 


CGC. rotundicollis, similar in form to the preceding, but differing in the following particulars: 


Sides of thorax strongly rounded from the anterior to the hind margins, hind angles not prominent. Surface of 


thorax more shining, less densely and coarsely punctured. Elytra with distinct strive of large punctures, intervals 


flat, very finely and sparsely punctured. Surface less densely pilose with shorter hairs. 
Length .66-.74 inch. 


The males here differ more notably in form from the other sex than in the preceding 
species. The elytra of male are more clongate and are gradually narrowed from a point 
slightly behind the humeri; their dimensions in length and greatest breadth in the two 
sexes are as follows: male length .50, breadth .59, female length .44, breadth .53 inch. 

The figure given by Lacordaire (Genera, pl. 57, fig. 3), although a rather inferior illus- 
tration, will serve to give an idea of the form of the hind angles of the thorax of Cl oscu- 
laus, and the two species can at a glance be distinguished by this character as well as by 
the distinct rows of punctures of the elytra of rofundicollis, and the denser and more irre- 
gular puncturing of the other species. 

For my series of this species I must acknowledge indebtedness to Mr, Gabb, by whom 


they were collected during an exploration of the Peninsula of Lower California. 


AMPHIDORA, Esch. 
Amphidora, Esch., Zool. Atl. III, p. 9. 


This genus may be known at once by the first joint of the hind tarsi being at least as 


fen) 


long as the two following united. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 329 


Our species are four in number and may be known by the characters of the following 
table: 
Elytra oval, not produced at apex in 4; hairs shorter. 


Hairs yellow, Littoral. 
Hairs black. 
Elytra densely muricately punctured. nigropilosa. 
Elytra less densely, and simply punctured. fene bio $a; 


Elytra elongate oval, caudate in 4 ; hairs longer, yellowish ; an- 
terior femur of = armed. cauda ba: 

A. littoralis, Esch., Zool. Atl. IV, p. 18, pl. 18, fig. 6. 

‘This species may be known by its smaller eye and by the yellowish hairs with which 
it is clothed. The sides of the thorax are strongly rounded from the front to the hind 
angles, the latter being very obtuse. The thorax is also nearly as broad as the elytra. 
The sculpture of the elytra consists of rather densely placed coarse punctures, the larger 
of which are arranged in indistinct strive. 

Length .26-.34 inch. 

Abundant around the Bay of San Francisco. 

A. nigropilosa, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, 136. 

A pretty species, resembling, when deprived of its hair, Eleodes cordata. The sides of 
the thorax are very convex, but the hind angles are quite distinct, the surface being rather 
densely and coarsely punctured. The elytra are very broadly oval, slightly depressed, 
and sculpture consists of dense muricate punctures without any tendency to their arrange- 
ment in striw. The hairs which everywhere rather sparsely clothe the body are black 
and nearly erect. 

Length .386-.48 inch. 

Less abundant than the preceding, occurring in southern California, from Tejon to 
to San Diego. 

A. tenebrosa, black, less shining, and sparsely clothed with black erect hairs. Head rather coarsely and 
densely but not confluently punctured. Thorax broader than long, coarsely and moderately densely punctured; sides 
strongly rounded, slightly narrowing behind; hind angles distinct. Elytra elongate oval, regularly convex with stria 
of large punctures closely placed, of which the interstices are less coarsely and irregularly punctured. Beneath black, 
shining, coarsely but sparsely punctured. 

Length .40-.46 inch. 

Easily distinguishable from the preceding species, by its more elongate form and the 
distinct strize of punctures of the elytra. The thorax is nearly as broad as the elytra, 
while in the preceding species the elytra are always more broadly oval, depressed above 
and notably broader than the thorax. 

‘Two specimens collected by Mr. Gabb, in Lower California. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—83 


99 


3a) REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID/: OF AMERICA, 


A. caudata, black, elongate, clothed with rather long brownish yellow hairs. Head rather coarsely but not 
densely punctured. Thorax broader than long, narrower at base, convex, coarsely but not sparsely punctured; apex 
fecbly emarginate, angles rounded, base feebly rounded, angles nearly rectangular; sides rounded, in front of middle 
eradually narrowing to base.  Elytra clongate oval, Immeri moderately prominent, surface with striae of rather coarse 
punctures distantly placed; interstices sparsely panctured. Beneath coarsely and sparsely punctured. 

Mile. Elytra caudate, prolongation equal to the last abdominal segment; anterior femora with a small acute 
tooth between the middle and apex. 

Female. Elytra more broadly oval, not caudate; femora not toothed. 


Length .56 (4% including cauda)— 48 9 inch. 
Two specimens from the Maricopa Desert, Arizona. 


Easily known by the several characters. The thorax is less punctured along the me- 
dian line and more denscly along the sides. By the characters already given this species 
might, according to the usually received rules, be separated under a distinct generic name, 
although here the variation from the type is no greater than that seen among the species 
of Bleodes, ‘The first joint of the hind tarsi does not here exceed the length of the two 


following. 


STENOTRICHUS, Lee. 

Stenotrichus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 239. 

8. rufipes, Lee, (Amphidora) Ann. Lye. V., p. 136. 

This species differs from all our other Amphidore, by the under surface of the body 
being pale brownish or ferruginous, with the legs of the same color, ‘The generic ditfer- 
ences have already been sufficiently adverted to in the preceding tables, 

Length .22-.44 inch, 


Collected at San Diego, California. 


TRIBE XX—TENEBRIONINI. 


Mentum moderate or small, frequently trilobed in front, middle lobe sometimes promi- 
nent. Tigula in general slightly visible, rarely very prominent. Mandibles. bifid at tip. 
Head somewhat variable in form, always free, Eyes reniform, transverse, Epistoma 
prominent, more or less rhomboidal. Labrum not prominent. Antenne usually thicker 
toward the tip (rarely slender), outer joints frequently perfoliate, third joint longer than 
the following. Prothorax and elytra contiguous, the former fecbly emarginate in front. 
Scutellum small. Elytra feebly embracing the abdomen. Body winged or not. ‘Tibial 
spurs very small or scarcely visible. ‘Parsi pubescent beneath. Middle cox with dis- 
tinct trochantin. 

The tribe as above defined includes the Coclometopides and Tenebrionides of Lacor- 
daire, as united by Leconte, as well as Sitophagus and several new genera. The vestiture 


of the tarsi is by no means uniform, and affords a means of dividing the tribe into two 


NORTH OF MEXICO, Bol 


sections. From the Scaurini this tribe may be distinguished by the absence of spines in 
the vestiture of the tarsi, from the Amphidorini by the rather dense, long, coarse’ hairs 
forming the vestiture in that tribe. The Ulomini are nearly all deprived of trochantin to 
the middle cox, the third joint of antenne usually short, the head deeply inserted in a 
prothorax more deeply emarginate in front. 

The tribe here defined has undoubtedly more complex relationships and affinities than 
are found in any other tribe. ‘The genus Polypleurus points strongly toward the Scaurini, 
Tenebrio towards the Ulomini, Glyptotus in the direction of Helops, and Xylopinus 
(xenescens) toward the Strongyliini. A careful revision of the genera of the world would 
undoubtedly cause an entire rearrangement of the genera, especially in those of the second 


sub-tribe, and their apportionment in new tribes. 
Two sub-tribes are here recognised. 
Tarsi densely clothed with fine, short, silken pubescence. UPES. 


Tarsi rather sparsely clothed with coarse pubescence. TENEBRIONES. 


SUB-TRIBE I—UPES. 


The species of this group are all of moderate or large size, and are comprised in genera 
containing but few species. Among the Upes we find genera varying greatly from the 
type, showing strong affinities toward tribes of lower grades in their general organization. 
These degradations of structure are the more evident among the last four genera, where 
the antennze assume a form closely allied to that of Helops, while in two of the genera 
the anterior tarsi are slightly though very distinctly dilated in the males. ‘The pubes-. 
cence of the tarsi loses that fine silken or velvet-like appearance and approximates that 
seen among the species of the second sub-tribe. The mentum varies greatly in all the 
genera, in some being flat and round, in others trilobed or convex at middle. The epi- 
pleure are usually abbreviated, in some few genera entire. The metasternum is long or 
short, in accordance with the presence or absence of wings. ‘The hind coxi are some- 
times widely, usually narrowly, separated by a triangular or oval intercoxal process. 

Tn accordance with the variations of structure thus indicated briefly, our genera may 


be tabulated as follows: 


Antenne with the outer joints transverse, perfoliate ; last joint sub-quadrate, rounded at 
tip and larger than the preceding ; antenne shorter than the head and thorax, 
Epipleure entire. 
Epipleure not narrower at apex. POLYPLEURUS. 
Fpipleuree gradually narrowing to apex. 
Mentum with small lateral inflexed lobes, NYCTOBATES. 


Mentum without lateral lobes. IPHTHIMUS, 


332 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 
Epipleure not attaining the tip of elytra. 
Intercoxal process of abdomen broad, quadrangular, truncate. COELOCNEMIS. 
Intercoxal process oval or acute, narrow, 
Eyes feebly emarginate (broad at middle). 
Femora strongly clavate. 


Mentum prominent at middle. MERINUS. 


Mentum emarginate in front. PACHYURGUS, 


Femora slender. 
Hind tarsi long. 
Hind tarsi short. 
Eyes deeply emarginate (narrow at middle). 
Mentum trilobed, middle lobe prominent and truncate. 


UPIS. 
HAPLANDRUS. 


SCOTOB-ENUS. 

Mentum flat, rounded in front. CIBDELIS, 

Antenne slender, longer than head and thorax, outer joints triangular, 
last joint oval, more or less acute. 

Epipleure attaining tip of elytra. GLYPTOTUS. 

Kpipleure not attaining the tip of elytra. 


Anterior tarsi of male not dilated. RHINANDRUS. 


Anterior tarsi of male fecbly dilated. 
Anterior margin of front reflexed. CENTRONOPUS, 
Anterior margin of front not reflexed. XYLOPINUS. 


POLYPLEURUS, Lsch. 
Polypleurus, Esch., Zool. Atl. IV, p. 11. 
The species of this genus are but three in number, and may be easily distinguished, 


P. geminatus, Sol, Ann. Soc. Entom. France VIT, p. 196; pl. 8, fig. 14. 


Black and opaque, Elytra with double rows of large deep punctures, the interstices 
between the double rows not elevated. ‘The hind angles of the prothorax are rectangular 
and the base feebly sinnate. 

Length .42-.50 inch. 

Occurs in the southeastern Atlantic States. 

P. perforatus, Germar, (Upis) In. Spee. Nov., p. 148. 
The elytra are sculptured as in the preceding, the perforations 


Black and opaque. 
The thorax is more 


being rather deeper and the interpaces more distinctly costiform, 


strongly sinuate behind and the angles more acute, The sides of the thorax are also 


more rounded. 
Length .42-.52 inch, 


Occurs in the Gulf States. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, BoD 


P. nitidus, Lec., New Species, p. 118. 

Black, shining. The punctures of the elytra are smaller than in the preceding species, 
This species is the largest as well as the least convex of the genus. 

Length .65-1.02 inch. 

Occurs in Florida. Rare in cabinets. The largest specimen I have seen is in the 


collection of Mr. F. G. Sanborn, of Boston. 


NYCTOBATES, Guerin. 

Nyctobates, Guerin, Mag. Zool. Ins. 1834; Melasomes, p. 33. 

Notwithstanding the fact, that four species have been until the present recognised in 
catalogues, it is impossible to define but two. 

N. pensylvanica, DeGeer, (Tenebrio) Mem. V., p. 52, pl. 13, fig. 10; chrysops, Herbst, (Upis) Col. 7, 286; 
sublwvis, Beauv., (Tenebrio) Insectes, pl. 31, fig. 4; cnermis, Mann., Bull. Mose. 1848, p. 284. 

The species of this genus have almost entirely the form of Upis, but may be readily 
known by the epipleuree extending entirely to the apex of the elytra, although becoming 
very narrow. 

In the above synonymical list I have united our common eastern species and that from 
California. There are absolutely no differences between them that cannot be shown to be 
merely individual variations. ‘The mentum in both has the disc or central portion rhom- 
boidal, broader in front and slightly emarginate. The anterior angles, though rounded, 
are distinct. The surface is coarsely punctured. The thorax is usually nearly square or 
slightly narrowing in front. The elytra have faint stri of fine punctures. 

Length .80-.90 inch. 

Occurs in every region of our country between the Atlantic and Pacific, from the 
Northern and Middle States westward to California, where it occurs more abundantly in 


moderately elevated regions, or where the climate is not hot. 


N. barbata, Knoch, (Tenebrio) N. Beitrag. 166, tab. 7, fig. 1; glabra, Herbst., (Upis) Col. 8, 32, tab. 119, fig. 


> 


8: 


; tntermedia, Hald., Stansb. Exped. 376. 


This species differs from the preceding in having the under surface of the mentum 
rather densely clothed with hair. ‘The disc of the mentum is also more rounded, and the 
anterior angles are very obtuse and rounded. The thorax is usually broader than long, 
always broader than the preceding species, and the sides in front more strongly rounded. 
The punctured strie of the elytra are also more defined, and their surfaces smoother and 
at times glabrous or shining. ‘The specimen called intermedia by Haldeman, differs only 
in having the elytral punctures much less defined. 

Length .66-.8) inch. 

This species occurs more especially in the Southern and Gulf States, where it is not 
rare; it is very rarely met with in the Northern States, 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—84 


334 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


IPHTHIMUS, Truqut. 

Tphthimus, Truqui, Stettin Ent. Zeitschrift 1857, p. 92. 

The species of this genus are more depressed than those of any ether in the sub-tribe 
excepting Scotobienus, From our other genera with entire epipleure this may be easily 
distinguished (from Polypleurus) by the epipleura becoming very narrow behind, and 
(from Nyctobates) by the thorax narrowing behind and becoming crenulate on the sides. 
The mentum has no lateral lobes. 

Two species are found in our fauna, one from New England and Canada, the other 


Western, ranging from New Mexico to Oregon and northern California. 


I. opacus, Lec., New Species, 121. 

Differs from the following in its smaller size, more robust form, as well as by its entire 
absence of any lustre and by its very rugose sculpture. The thorax and head are very 
coarsely and confluently punctured. The former is less narrowed behind than in the next 
species, the sides less rounded and more strongly crenulate. The anterior angles are also 
more prominent. The elytral sculpture consists of deep strie frequently interrupted, 
forming thus series of short dashes, of which the interspaces are convex. 

Leneth .609-.80 inch. 


Occurs not uncommonly in New England and Canada. 


~) 


I. serratus, Minn., (Nyctodetes) Bull. Mose. 1843, p. 234. Lec., Pacif. R. R. Rep. UX, App. 1, pl. 2, fig. 5. 


Lacord. ([phthimus) Genera, Vol. V., p. 871, note. 

‘This species is larger than the preceding, and differs in the characters given above, 
and while these are apparently of but small moment, the appearances of the two species 
are so different that one cannot be mistaken for the other. ‘This species is distributed 
over a large region of country, and suffers some variation in each, so that three types or 


races may be distinguished as follows: 


serratus, Lec. 

This is the more opaque and rugose form. The head and thorax are both coarsely and 
densely but not confluently punctured. The elytra are sculptured with series of inter- 
rupted striw, of which the interstices are flat aud densely punctured. ‘This form occurs 
abundantly in Oregon and British Columbia. ‘The forms described as [p'hinus servilis, 
servator, and subligatus by Walker, in *'The Naturalist in British Columbia,” Vol. I, 
pp. 326 and 327, are probably merely individual variations of this one form. 


Leneth .68-.96 inch. 


sublievis, Lec., List, (Nyetobates) Bland, Proc. Ent. Soe. 


Ditfers from the preceding 


in its smoother sculpture. The head and thorax are mod- 


erately smooth, being rather finely and sparsely punctured. The elytra are sculptured 


NORTH OF MEXICO. DOD 


with striz of punctures, with flat interstices finely and very sparsely punctured. The un- 
der surface of the body is smoother and more shining. 

Length .80-.96 inch. 

The type specimens were from Colorado, others have since been found along the Sier- 


ras of California. 


Lewisii, Horn. 

In this form the whole surface is still more shining than in the preceding two. ‘The 
strive of the elytra are scarcely interrupted, the interstices convex, impunctured and finely 
transversely wrinkled, 

Length .80-.96 inch. 

Collected rather abundantly by Dr. Lewis, in the region of the Raton Mountains of 
eastern New Mexico. 


COELOCNEMIS, Jann. 


Coelocnemis, Mann., Bull. Mose. 18438, p. 280. 


The mentum is here broader than long, supported on a short, rather broad gular pe- 


duncle, rounded on the sides, slightly emarginate in front and with the margins not in- 


ey 
SD 
flexed. The sculpture of its surface varies. The tibia of the male are apparently slightly 
thickened in their lower half, somewhat flattened on the inner face, with line of fine pu- 
bescence on each edge extending half way up, so that the tibia appears grooved on the 
inner face, The intercoxal process of the abdomen is very broad and truncate at tip. The 
first joint of the hind tarsi equals the second and third together, and very nearly equals 
the last joint. The tibial spurs are here very short. The elytra are connate and the 
body is apterous. 

The species of this genus resemble Eleodes very closely in form, but may be at once 
known by the tarsal vestiture and by the elytra feebly embracing the abdomen. The un- 
der surface of the head of all the species is very rugose, by the confluence of rather deep 
coarse punctures. All are shining, black. ‘They are found rather abundantly in Califor- 
nia, Oregon and Nevada, under stones or fallen bark, and are rarely found walking in 
daylight, except when the day is dark and cloudy, They may then be found feeding on 
growing plants, principally Saxifrage. 

Our four species may be distinguished as follows : 


Thorax broader than long; strongly rounded or sub-angulate at the sides. 
Elytra broader behind the middle, suddenly declivous behind ; thorax 
narrower at base than long, always sub-angulate on the sides, 


which are rounded anteriorly, sinuate posteriorly. dilaticollis 


336 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID® OF AMERICA, 


Elytra broadly oval, broader in front of middle; gradually declivous 
behind; thorax as broad at base as long, sides sub-angulate, 
anteriorly rounded, posteriorly feebly sinuous or gradually 
converging. obesa. 
Elytra elongate oval, more prolonged at apex; thorax as broad -at 
base as long, never sub-angulate on the sides, which are regu- 
larly rounded from apex to base, magna. 
Thorax longer than broad, sides feebly rounded. 
Elytra clongate oval, sides more nearly parallel; rather suddenly de- 


clivous behind. punctata. 


C. dilaticollis, Manmn., Bull. Mose. 1843, p. 280; californica, Mann., loc. cit.: redeseribed and the latter 
figured in Mag. Zool. 1844, pl. 133. 


The differences mentioned by Mannerheim between these two species seem not to 
warrant their being retained as distinct. The sculpture of the elytra is subject to varia- 
tion, as will be seen, and the presence or absence of one stria may be owing to accidental 
obliteration rather than a permanent absence from specific causes. The peculiar sculpture 
of mentum given of californica is also that of dilaticollis, and while each species has a 
sculpture peculiar to itself, the differences are so slight as not to warrant any mention in 
the synoptic table already given, The characters given will suffice to distinguish this 
species from any which follows. The surface sculpture varies greatly. ‘The Oregon spe- 
cimens have the thorax sub-opaque, and densely finely punctured ; the elytra are also sub- 
opaque, still more denscly punctured and finely rugose, From this, gradual variations 
may be noted until the surface is smooth and shining, with rows (more or less distinct) of 
small distant punctures, 

Length .66-1.06 inch, 

Abundant in Oregon and California north of San Francisco, 

C. obesa, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 150. 

The thorax is similar in outline to the preceding species, being, however, broader be- 
hind and more convex above. ‘The elytra are also more pointed behind and are gradually 
declivous from the scutellum to the apex. 

Length .90-1.12 inch. 

This is the species of southern California and the Peninsula of Lower California. 

C. magna, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 150. 

The sides of the thorax are in this species rounded and not sub-angulate, as in the 
two preceding species, and the surface is more convex. ‘The elytra are more elongate 
and pointed behind, In form it resembles Eleodes gigantea. 

Length .90-1.18 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, Ba 1 


Abundant in California from San Francisco southward in the Sacramento and Tulare 
Valleys, also at Fort Tejon. 
C. punctata, Lec., Proc. Acad. VII, 225. 
Differs in the proportions of the thorax. The elytra are also broader in proportion to 
their length, and less rounded on the sides, and rather suddenly declivous behind. This 
species was described from an unique specimen from an unknown locality. Since that 
time three others were collected by Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, which I refer to the same species, 
although differing from the type as well as from each other, very slightly however, in 
form, but considerably in sculpture. 
The typical specimen is rather densely but finely punctured on the thorax as well as 
elytra. There is a faint indication of an arrangement of larger punctures in indistinct 
striae. 
A specimen in my own cabinet is smooth, almost entirely impunctured. The elytra 
exhibit very distinct strive of large punctures, faintly impressed, becoming obsolete on the 
sides and apex. 
Another specimen has the fine punctation quite evident. The elytra are less feebly 
striate, the striz punctured and the interstices feebly convex and finely wrinkled. 
The fourth specimen reproduces the dense puncturing of the type, but the elytra are 
deeply striate, the interstices convex. The strive are coarsely and the interstices densely 
and finely punctured and feebly transversely wrinkled. ‘The under surface is more eyi- 
dently punctured than the two preceding species, less, however, than in the typical form. 
Notwithstanding these variations of sculpture, these four specimens are considered as 
representatives of but one species, similar variations occurring in Eleodes and Iphthimus 
to such an extent as to render it almost impossible to define varicties. 
Length .80 (type)—1.10 (2nd specimen) inch. 
This species occurs in Utah and Nevada. 
The species of this genus appear to be confined, each within its own limits, as follows: 
dilaticollis, Oregon and northern California, in and to the westward of the Coast 
Range, southward to the Bay of San Francisco. 

magna, central California and the great valley of the Sacramento River and Tulare 
Lake, between the Sierras and Coast Range. 

obesa, Peninsula of California and that portion of upper California southwest of the 
Coast Range, forming part of the fauna of Arizona. 


punctata, the deserts of Nevada and western Utah, and southward to New Mexico, 


MERINUS, Lec. 
Merinus, Lec., Class. Col. N. Amer., p. 230. 


In this genus the middle lobe of the mentum is rather small, the lateral lobes or ale 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—85 


338 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


well developed. The middle lobe is also prominent along the middle and in front, the 
lateral lobes with acute angles. The epipleuree extend beyond the last ventral suture, 
The hind cox though rather widely separated, have the intercoxal process oval, rounded 
in front. The males have the tibixe more strongly arcuate than the other sex, the hinder 
tibie being armed near the tip with an acute tooth. The femora ip both sexes are 
strongly clavate and slightly flattened. The only species known is winged. 

M. lievis, Oliv., (Tenebrio) Ent. 3, 10. (Merinus) Lec., loc. cit., p. 231. = 

A large, elongate, sub-opaque, black insect, found not uncommonly under bark in the 
Eastern and Middle States, and more rarely in Canada, Easily known by its clavate 
femora and the peculiar armature of the hinder tibize of male. 

Length .70-1.04 inch. 

PACHYURGUS, Lee. 

Pachyurgus, Lec., Class. Col. N. Amer., p. 280. 

Ditters from the preceding genus, in the mentum being nearly fiat in the middle and 
emarginate in front, with acute angles. The femora are also clavate. ‘The only specimen 
known to me is a female; the males may have the posterior tibia armed in Merinus. — It 
is doubtful whether these two genera should be retained as distinct. ‘The genera of ‘Tene- 
brionini differ generally so shghtly from each other that these may be retained as distinet 
until the male shall become known to us. 

P. ereus, Mels., (Iphthimus) Proc. Acad. 8, 65. Lee., (Pachyurgus) loc. eit., p. 231. 

This species is similar in form to Jf deevis. It has a metallic bronzed, shining surface. 
The elytra have strive with fine punctures, becoming rather less evident on the sides and 
at the apex. 

Length .62 inch. 

The specimen in the cabinet of Dr. Leconte is the type of Melsheimer, and the only 
one known. It is probable with this, as has already been discovered with other species, 
that the insect is a foreign (South American?) form introduced by mistake, and described 
as North American. 


UPIS, Fabr. 
Upis, Fabr., Ent. Syst. I, p. 75. 


In this genus the mentum is oval, prominent in front, with a median longitudinal ele- 
vation and a groove on each side. The femora, though thickened, are not so suddenly 
nor so strongly clavate as in the two preceding genera. ‘Lhe epipleure are not complete 
behind, though reaching beyond the last ventral suture. 


U. ceramboides, Linn., (Attelabus) Syst. Nat. IT, p. 621. Fab., (Upis) loc. cit. reticulata, Say, Long’s Ex- 
ped. 2, 279. 

This species common in Europe, is also found abundantly in the northern portion of 
our own Continent, occurring as far south as Canada. 


Length .564-.75 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 339 


HAPLANDRUS, Lec. 

Haplandrus, Lee., Class. Col. N. A., p. 230; New Species, p. 121. 

In this genus the mentum is trapezoidal, narrower behind, convex along the median 
line, truncate in front, with the angles prominent or rounded; inserted upon a narrow 
peduncle. The prosternum is slightly prolonged in all the species, the mesosternum con- 
cave, receiving the prosternum. The epipleuree extend beyond the last ventral suture, 
but not to the tip of the elytra. The femora are slender and the tarsi short. ‘The head is 
always more strongly deflexed than in any of the other genera of the sub-tribe. 

The species resemble each other closely in outline, differing in the form of the men- 


tum and front. All are winged. They may be known by the following characters : 


Third joint of antenn longer than fourth, twice as long as second, 


Femora rufous, tibia black ; surface opaque. femoratus, 
Legs entirely black ; surface shining. ates 


Third joint of antenne short. 
Legs black ; surface opaque. concolor. 

H. femoratus, Fab., (Trogosita) Syst. El. 1, 154; (Tenebrio) Peauy. Ins., p. 163, tab. 31, fig. 5; fulvipes, 
Hbst., (Upis) Col. 7, 238. 

In this species the mentum has the anterior angles prominent. The front is hemi- 
hexagonal, with the angles rounded, ‘The eyes are scarcely emarginate by the sides of 
the front, and are rather more prominent than in the two succeeding species. The thorax 
is nearly square, slightly emarginate in front with prominent angles, sides nearly parallel, 
base strongly bisinuate with prominent angles. ‘The lateral margin is acute, but not com- 
pressed. The elytra are opaque, with eight entire rows of elongate deeply impressed 
punctures, and one short scutellar row. 

Length 80-44 inch. 

Occurs abundantly in the Middle and Eastern States, under bark, ete. 

H. ater, Lec., (Metaclisa) New Species, p. 127. 

The reference of this species to the present genus is made not without some misgiv- 
ings that it should in all probability constitute a new one. It cannot in my opinion re- 
main associated with Metaclisa, in which the hind tarsi are rather long and slender and 
the body depressed, while in this the form is robust. It differs from the other species of 
the present genus, in having the mentum rather more convex along the median line and 
the middle lobe more prominent. ‘The lateral lobes are also more prominent, and the 
mentum thus resembles that of Metaclisa. The front is also more broadly rounded. The 
mesosternum is more prominent, more deeply emarginate, and the angles very prominent 
and acute. The hind tarsi are short, the first joint scarcely equalling the second and 


third together, while the last joint is equal to the first three. As in the other species, the 


340 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


head is deflexed and the front nearly vertical. The thorax is feebly emarginate in front 
and the eyes entirely free. The elytra are rather deeply eight striate, the strize punctured, 
the interstices convex and very finely punctured, ‘The under surface is smooth, being 
finely punctured, ‘The legs are dark brown or black. 

Length .30-.35 inch. ; ; 

Occurs not rarely in the extreme Southern States. Numerous specimens collected in 


Florida were given me by Mr. Levi ‘Taylor. 


H. concolor, Lec., New Species, p. 121. 

This species is similar in form to femoratus, differing by the greater width of thorax, 
deeper elytral striw, and black legs. The third joint of the antenne is scarcely longer 
than the fourth, and the outer joints are broader than in either of the preceding species. 
The mentum is here somewhat different in form from either of the others, being broader 
than long, rounded on the sides, the lateral lobes not distinet. The middle is slightly 
elevated, with a groove on each side, This form appears to be an intermediate one be- 
tween the trapezoidal mentum of femoratus and the distinctly trilobed one of ater, ‘The 
short third antennal joint exists in the three specimens before me. 

Length .34-.86 inch. 


This insect occurs, very rarely however, in Canada and the Lake Michigan region. 


SCOTOBAINUS, Lec. 

Seotobenus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 88. 

The species of this genus is somewhat similar in form to Tphthimus, being, however, 
more depressed. ‘The mentum is distinctly trilobed. The middle lobe prominent in front, 
convex along the middle, with a groove on each side, lateral lobes rather small, inflexed 
and with the angles acute, ‘The gular peduncle moderate, ‘The front is hemi-hexagonal, 
with the suture of the epistoma rather strongly impressed. Thorax emarginate in front 
and at base, with the hind angles acute and moderately prominent. The epipleure are 
not entire. The femora are slightly clavate and compressed. 

S. parallelus, Lee., Proce. Acad. 1859, p. 88. 

Black, sub-opaque. Thorax broader than long, narrower behind.  Elytra truncate at 
base, humeri prominent. Sculpture consists of rather coarse punctures, the interstices be- 
ing more finely and densely punctured, as in Iphthimus serratus. The general form is 
similar to the species indicated, but the sides are nearly parallel. 


Length .74-.82 inch, 


From the region of the western base of the Sierra Nevada Mts. of California, from 


Sacramento to Visalia. Not common. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 341 


CIBDELIS, Jann. 

Cibdelis, Mann., Beitrag. 284. 

The mentum is trapezoidal, narrower behind, strongly (blaschkil) or feebly (bachei) 
rounded in front, convex at middle, with a faint groove on each side, supported by a gular 
peduncle. Head rounded in front, truncate (blaschkii) or emarginate (bachei) at middle 
of epistoma, Thorax truncate in front, rounded behind, hind angles distinct, not promi- 
nent, anterior angles obtuse. The metasternum is short and the body apterous. The 
mandibles of both species are very feebly emarginate. 

Two species from California are known, 

C. blaschkii, Mann., Beitr. 284. 

The thorax is densely and rather coarsely punctured, The elytra have faint striz of 
punctures, and small rounded tubercles placed im more or less regular rows. ‘This 
species is more convex and elongate than the next, and differs also in the form of the 
front and the greater prominence of the front of the mentum. 

Length .52-.56 inch. 

Occurs from San Francisco southward, under bark and stones. 

C. bachei, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 353. 

The thorax is here granulose, less convex and proportionately broader than blaschkii, 
The thorax and elytra are also more opaque, and the tubercles of the latter rather smaller 
and more closely and regularly placed. ‘The elytra are rather more depressed and more 
broadly oval than the preceding species, and differs also in the characters mentioned 
above. 

Length .56 inch. 


Occurs only at Santa Barbara and on the Island of San Clemente. 


GLYPTOTUS, Lee. 

Glyptotus, Lec., Proc. Acad. LX, p. 75. 

With this genus commences a series of genera in which the antenue are longer than 
the head and thorax, the outer joints not being transverse but more or less triangular and 
closely articulated. This form is somewhat similar to that seen in many Helopides, and 
it may be considered doubtful whether these genera (excepting Rhinandrus) should not 
enter that tribe or form a new one closely allied to it. ‘The vestiture of the tarsi of these 
genera, With the exception noted, is intermediate between the previous group of genera 
and the Tenebriones which follow. In two genera the males have the anterior tarsi 
slightly dilated. 

The mentum of Glyptotus is small, rhomboidal, narrowing behind, very prominent at 
middle, and with prominent angles; supported on a very narrow gular peduncle. The 
eyes are larger on the front than other of our genera. On each side of the head above 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—86 


342 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDE OF AMERICA, 


the eyes is a deep groove, extending from the anterior margin of the eyes backward, then 
down upon the side of the head at some distance behind the eyes, losing itself gradually 
as it approaches the gula. The antenne are rather long, equalling the head and thorax. 
The outer joints are sub-quadrate, not transverse nor sub-perfoliate, the terminal joint be- 
ing longer than the preceding and obtuse at tip, as in Polypleurus, ‘Lhe epipleure are 
entire. 


The appearance of this insect is that of Helops, especially in the form of the head, 


G. cribratus, Lec., Proc. Acad. IX, p. 75. 

Black, moderately shining. ‘Thorax broader than long, sides rounded in front, very 
feebly narrowed behind, hind angles rectangular, base feebly bisinuate, Elytra twice 
longer than broad, sub-parallel, moderately convex, with eight rows of rather large punc- 
tures feebly impressed. ‘The body is winged. 

Length .58 inch. 

Rare in ‘Texas. 


Another species is in the Zimmerman cabinet, from Guinea, 


RHINANDRUS, Lec. 
Rhinandrus, Lee., New Species, p. 119. 
The differences between this genus and Zophobas are slight, and a study of the Mexi- 
ean species may render it probable that these points may have merely specific value. 
R. gracilis, Lec., New Species, p. 120. 
Length .72-.75 inch. 
From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. 


CENTRONOPUS, Solze7. 

Centronopus, Sol., Bandi e Truqui Studi Entom., p. 258. 

‘The antennie of this genus are longer than the head and thorax, the outer joints tri- 
angular, the last oval and pointed. The epipleure do not reach the apex of the elytra. 
The anterior tarsi of the males are feebly dilated or thickened. The anterior tibie of the 
saine sex are armed near the middle with a short tooth, and the tips of these and the 
middle tibiz are thickened. ‘The metasternum is long and the body winged. Mentum 
small, rhomboidal, narrower behind, middle prominent, angles acute. The anterior mar- 
gin of front is thickened and slightly retlexed. 

C. calearatus, Fab., (Ielops) Syst. El. 1, 159. coracinus, Knoch, (Tenebrio) Beitr, 172; reflexus, Say, 
Teneb.) Journ. Acad. Y., p. 108. 

This rather abundant insect may be known by the peculiar thickening of the anterior 


margin of the front, as well as by the sexual characters of the male. The thorax is some- 


€ 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 343 


what broader than long, feebly emarginate in front and at base, sides feebly rounded and 
slightly margined, anterior angles obtuse, hind angles nearly rectangular, The surface is 
coarsely but not densely punctured. The elytra are elongate sub-parallel, moderately 
convex, with eight entire and a short scutellar striw. The striew are punctured, interstices 
slightly convex and very feebly punctured. The legs are black and the under surface 
nearly smooth. In addition to the generic characters given above, it may be stated that 
the males have the under surface of the anterior femora near the base clothed with rather 
coarse hairs. 

Rather common in the Atlantic region, under fallen logs or stones. 

C. opacus, Lee., Smithson. Cont. 4to, Col., Kansas and New Mexico, p. 15. 

The entire surface is opaque in this species, while in the preceding the surface is shin- 
ing and of a sub-metallic lustre. ‘The elytra are not striate, but have rows of fine, closely 
placed punctures, the intervals being flat and impunctured. ‘The general form is similar 
to calcaratus, with the elytra less parallel. The thorax is much less distinctly margined, 
and the under surface less shining. ‘he sexual characters are similar in both species, 

Length .67 inch. 


A single specimen from the Black Hills, Dacotah, is known. 


XYLOPINUS, Lec. 

Xylopinus, Lec., Col. N. Am., 231. 

This genus differs from the preceding notably in the form of the front. The anterior 
margin is truncate or feebly emarginate, not thickened. ‘The labrum is also more promi- 
nent and is occasionally so protruded as to allow the basal membrane to become visible. 
The males have the same sexual characters in the front tibia as in Centronopus. The 
anterior femora have not the basal hairy spot, nor are the middle tibiz thickened at tip. 
The front and middle tarsi are more distinctly dilated, and the whole appearance more 
decidedly like the Helopides. All the specimens are winged. 

Our species may be distinguished as follows : 

Body black, not metallic. 
Legs black. : saperdoides. 
Legs red. rufipes. 


Body sub-metallic. anescens, 


X. saperdoides, Oliv., (Tenebrio) Ent. 3, 11. saperdoides et calearatus, (Helops) Beauv. Ins., 162, pl. 81, 
fig. 2; spinipes, Fab., El. 1, 162; anthractnus, Knoch, (Tenebrio) Neue. Beitrag., p. 169. 


The thorax of this species is nearly square, fecbly emarginate in front, truncate behind, 
sides very feebly rounded, anterior angles rounded, hind angles acute with a slight im- 


pression within. The elytra are elongate, parallel, feebly convex, usually somewhat flat- 


344 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDJE OF AMERICA, 


tened on the disc. ‘The elytra are striate, the striz punctured. ‘The interstices are mod- 
erately convex and finely punctured, The legs are black and the under surface of the 
body smooth, 

Length .44-.64 inch. 

Common in nearly the cntire region east of the Mississippi River, under loose bark. 

X. rufipes, Say, (Tenebrio) Journ. Acad. V., 203. 

Scarcely different from the preceeding. ‘The legs are red except the bases of the tibia, 
It does not differ in size and sculpture from the preceding, and though common, is less so 
than superdoides, and occurs in the same region. 

X. enescens, Lec., N. Species, p. 120. 

Differs from the preceding two species, by its broader thorax and by the elytra being 
more dilated behind the middle. The color is pale brown, with a brassy tinge. The legs 
are slender, and the tooth of the anterior tibia of the male is less prominent and the emar- 
gination below it less deep. 

Length .50-.57 inch, 


Middle and Western States, not common, though more abundant in the latter region. 


SUB-TRIBE II—TENEBRIONES. 

In this group the tarsi are clothed with a coarser, less dense, and more rigid pubes- 
cence than in the preceding, The body is always clongate, never robust, usually de- 
pressed, The mentuni is trapezoidal, generally flattened. The tibial spurs are always 
conspicuous. ‘The epipleurie are variable in length. 


Our genera are as follows: 


Antenne gradually thicker toward the tip, palpi and tarsi short. 


Epipleuree entire. TENEBRIO, 
Epipleuree abbreviated. 

Head sub-quadrate ; similar in the sexes. BIUS. 

Head transverse; dissimilar in the sexes. SITOPHAGUS. 


Antenne clongate, slender, last joint fusiform ; palpi long ; tarsi slender. 


5 


Kpipleure entire. - 


Mentum emarginate in front. AL.EPHUS. 
Mentum truncate in front. EUPSOPHUS. 


The genera of this sub-tribe are much less homogeneous than the Upes, although 
fewer in number, and this dissimilarity seems to indicate that, by the division of the Ten- 
ebrionidee and their apportionment in tribes by the discovery of better characters than 
those now known, these genera would not be found associated. The genus Sitophagus 
has been placed here (as done by Mulsant), the form of the anterior cox indicating but 


little affinity with the genera allied to Uloma. 


ie 


NORTH OF MEXICO, Dad 


TENEBRIO, Zinn. 
Tenebrio, Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. VI; Neatus, Lee., Col. N. A., p. 233. 
The characters ofthis genus are too well known to need special comment. 
Our species are four in number, and may be distinguished as follows : 
Trochantin of middle cox very distinct. : 
Surface dull, opaque. obscurus. 
Surface more or less shining. 
Thorax broader than long. molitor. 
Thorax sub-quadrate, Castaneus, 
Trochantin of middle coxie small. tenebrioides. 
T. obscurus, Fab. El. 1, 146. 
Easily distinguished from our other species by its opaque surface, 
Length .58-.62 inch. 
Abundant in the Atlantic region, where it has been introduced from Europe. 
T. molitor, Linn., Fab. El. 1, 145. 
Similar in form to the preceding. The thorax is, however, more transverse and the 
margin broader and more distinctly reflexed. 
Length .50-.65 inch. 
Abundant in the same regions with obscurus. Also introduced. 
T. castaneus, Knoch, Neue Beitr., 171; interstitials, Say, J. Ac. 8, 266. 
Differs notably in form and sculpture from the preceding species. The thorax is here 
nearly square, truncate at base, and more distinctly emarginate in front. The sides are 
more broadly margined and the margin more reflexed. ‘The surface is more coarsely 
punctured. The elytra are narrower and more elongate, their surface more deeply 
striate and the striz more strongly punctured. 


Length .40 inch. 
Specimens have been found in every region of our country, though not abundant. 
T. tenebrioides, Beauv. (Helops) Ins., p. 121, pl. 30, fig. 1; badius, Say, (Tenebrio) Journ. Acad. 3, 256. 
Similar in form to molitor, The trochantin of the middle coxie is very small, and in 
some specimens scarcely visible. Length .48-.52 inch. 
Abundant over our whole territory ; specimens have occurred in California. 
BIUS, Jfuls. 


Bius, Muls., Col. France; Latigenes, p. 266. 
B. estriatus, Lec., (Tenebrio) Ann. Lyc. 5, 149. 


Similar in form to the European thoracicus, but shorter, and with a more distinctly 
margined thorax, with less prominent hind angles. Length .22 inch. 


Rare. Specimens have been found in California, and at Fort Simpson, Brit. Amer. 
AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—87 


346 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


SITOPHAGUS, dlls. 
Sitophagus, Muls., Col. France; Latigenes, p. 264. 

Jasily known from our other genera by its depressed form, being almost pertectly flat 
above. ‘The epipleure are abbreviated. The antennie, though gradually thickening to- 
ward the tip, are less compact than in Bius, in which also the epipleure do not attain the 
tip of the elytra. ‘The sexes ditter from each other by the presence of horns on the male, 
formed by the sides of the genie and the sides of the epistoma. 


‘Two species are known in our fina, 


S. pallidus, Say, (Pytho) Journ. Acad. 3, p. 271; Lee., (Adelina) Aun. Lye. 5, 149: complonata, Dej. Cat. 

This is the larger of our two species, and has the side of the head in front of the eyes 
prolonged into a horn on each side of the head of the male. 

Length .20 inch. 

Rare in the Middle and Southern States. 


S. lecontei, Horn; planus || Lee., (Adelina) Ann. Lye. V., 149. 

Differs from the preceding in size and by the head of the male having a second horn 
on each side, concealed from above by the larger horn formed by the prominence of the 
sides of the front. 

Length .18 inch, 

Occurs rather abundantly in the Colorado Desert of California, in Owens’ Valley, and 


in Arizona. 


AL.EPHUS, n. g. 


Mentum trapezoidal, narrowed toward base, cimarginate in front, anterior angles prominent; ligula free, basal 
membrane visible; gular peduncle short, narrow. Maxillary palpi long, second joint longer than third or fourth, 
slender at base, thickened toward tip, last joint longer than the preceding, conical, flattened and obliquely truncate. 
Head strongly exsert, very slightly narrower behind the eyes, which are distant from the prothorax, reniform and not 
prominent. Ifead prolonged in front of eyes, frontal suture indistinct. Epistoma hemi-hexagonal, emarginate in 
vont, almost entirely concealing the labrum. Lateral §margins of front slightly reflexed. Antenne as long as head 
and thorax, slender; first joint thicker, second small, third loug, equal the two following; joints four to eleven sub- 
equal, last joint fusiform.  Prosternum not prominent behind the coxie, mesosternum oblique, middle coxw with dis- 
tinet trochantin. Metasternal parapleure simple, moderate, slightly narrower behind. Metasternum long, body 
winged, Intercoxal process of abdomen acute. Epipleure entire. Tibial spurs distinct; tarsi slender; the first joint 
ot hind tarsi longer than the two succeeding together. Seutellum broader than long, sub-quadrate. 

The male has the anterior tarsi very slightly dilated, and a slight brush of hairs uear the tip of the penultimate 
abdominal segment. 

This genus is proposed for an insect to which T have seen nothing similar. ‘The head 
recalls the form scen in Cerenopus and other Scaurini, though ditfering from them in the 


tarsal vestiture, the form of the antenniw, and the distribution of the antennal pores. 


A. pallidus, pale brownish testaccous, sub-opaque, elongate oval. Head moderately but not coarsely punc- 


ted, Thorax broader than long, varrewer in front, apex feebly emarginate, base feebly bisinuate, sides moderately 


NORTH OF MEXICO. B47 


rounded, margined, margin slightly reflexed, hind angles distinct, disc moderately convex. Elytra elongate oval, 
slightly emarginate at base, humeri distinct, elytral margin distinct, slightly reflexed. Surface finely and sparsely 
punctured. 

The head and thorax are much more opaque than the elytra. ‘The thorax is narrower 
than the elytra, and has a slight median depression near the base. The sides of the elytra 
are very feebly rounded and are almost sub-parallel, the apex is not prolonged. ‘The up- 
per surface of the body is feebly convex, the under surface paler in color and more shining. 

Length .33 inch, . 

~ One male, from Fort Tejon, California. 
EUPSOPHUS, n. 4. 
Mentum flat, transverse, slightly narrower behind, anterior angles not proininent, anterior margin truncate, sup- 
ported on a very short broad gular peduncle. Ligula transverse, slightly emarginate in front, basal membrane not 
visible, palpi short, last joint flattened, conical, longer than the preceding. Maxillary palpi long, last three joints 
sub-equal, conical, the terminal slightly flattened. Labrum transverse, partly concealed. Head elongate, eyes broad, 
feebly emarginate and distant from the thorax. Front hemi-hexagoual, feebly converging in front, anteriorly broadly 
emarginate, suture indistinct. Antenne longer than the head and thorax, slender; first two joints short. third longer, 
searcely equalling the third and fourth together, joints four to ten gradually decreasing, last joint longer and pointed 
¢ 

at tip. Seutellum oval. Elytra broader at base than the thorax, humeri distinct. Epipleuree entire, narrow and 
horizontal. Trochantin of middle cox distinct. Metasternum long, body winged, intercoxal process of abdomen tri- 
angular. Lees slender, tarsi long, sparsely clothed with short spinous hairs. First joint of hind tarsi longer than the 
second and third, last joint nearly equal to the two preceding. Tibial spurs distinct. 

This genus has proved the most troublesome of any of the genera to which I have 
9 require assign a place. 
been required to assign a plac 

The hind margins of the third and fourth ventral segments do not exhibit in so marked 
a degree the coriaceous margin, which has been taken as the character dividing the family 
into two sections, and it is only with some difficulty, or by the undue protrusion of the 
terminal segments, that the membrane connecting them becomes visible. In outline the 
insect resembles some species of Tlimatismus, or our own Eypitragus submetallicus, Lec. 
‘There are, however, no other affinities between this insect and the Epitragini, as will be 
seen by the smaller mentum, the middle trochantin and the form of the head. The pro- 
sternum is deflexed behind, and the mesosternum oblique. This genus and the preceding, 
in an arrangement of the genera at large, should in all probability constitute a tribe by 
themselves, near the Goniaderides of South America, though abundantly distinet by many 
characters. From Alephus this genus may be known by the form of mentum and gular 
peduncle, by the margins of the front not being reflexed and by the form of the antennie. 


E. castaneus, castaneous, moderately shining, head rather densely punctured in front of eyes, sparsely on the 
vertex. Thorax sub-quadrate, moderately convex, slightly broader than long, truncate in front, feebly rounded at 
base, sides feebly rounded anteriorly, very slightly sinuous behind, hind angles rectangular. Surface sparsely punc- 
tured. Elytra elongate oval, more than twice longer than broad, moderately convex, sparsely punctured and faintly 
rugose near the base. Beneath castaneous, shining, very sparsely and finely puuctired. 


Length .54-.60 inch. 


348 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.©® OF AMERICA, 


The male is smaller and more slender than the female. The outline of this species is 
almost exactly that of Himatismus occidentalis, as figured by Lacordaire (Genera, pl. 49, 
fig. 1.) excepting that this insect has the thorax shorter, with the anterior angles rounded. 

This insect occurs rather abundantly in Owens’ Valley, California, flies at might, and 


is attracted by candle light. When recent it is somewhat paler in color. 


TRIBE XXI—PEDININI. 


This tribe differs from those which precede, in having the front very short and broadly 
dilated on the sides. The body is usually short, oval, not very convex, epistoma emargi- 
nate, sometimes very deeply, allowing the basal membrane to become visible; labrum 
prominent; mentum small, frequently trilobed in front, with a distinct gular pedunele ; 
middle coxie with distinct trochantin; anterior tarsi of male dilated and spongy beneath, 
hind tarsi either pubescent or spinous. 

The anterior coxie are more transverse than in the preceding tribes and tend toward 
the sub-cylindrical form so strongly marked in most of the genera of the Ulomini, ‘The 
head is usually deeply inserted, and the terminal joints of both pairs of palpi cither trian- 
eular or securiform, 

Our genera form two groups: 

Eyes not entirely divided. PLATYNOTI. 
Eyes completely divided, BLAPSTINI. 
One species, described by Say as Pedinus suturalis, remains unknown and cannot be 


assigned a place. It may possibly be a larger species of Blapstinus or Opatrinus. 
GROUP I—PLATYNOTI, 


One genus alone in our fauna constitutes our representation of this group. From our 
other genera it may be easily known, by the eyes not being divided and the anterior 


tibize slender and not notably different in the sexes. 


OPATRINUS, Latr. 


Reene Animal, ed. 2, V. p. 19. 


O. notus, Say, (Opatrum) Journ. Acad. 5, 237; Bost. Journ. 1, 187. Lee., (Opatrinus) Say’s Ent. II, 304; 
5 1 } i y ) 


Tenebrio minimus, Beauv. Ins. 163, pl. 81, fig. 7. 

The elytral sculpture of this species consists of rows of large punctures, usually round, 
sometimes more or less elongate. ‘There are no strive, and the rows of punctures are at 
times interrupted. The sides of the thorax are gradually convergent anteriorly, very 
feebly rounded and with the margin slightly thickened. 

Occurs abundantly in the whole Atlantic district. 

Length .32-.41 inch. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 349 


O. aciculatus, Lee., Proc. Acad. 1858, 75 

Differs from the preceding in having the elytra distinctly striate, strive with large punc- 
tures, interstices moderately convex. ‘Thorax more strongly rounded than the preceding, 
with the sides distinctly reflexed, and with the disc more convex, 

Occurs abundantly in ‘Texas. 

Length .40 inch. 

O. sayi, oblong, parallel, brownish opaque. Head finely and densely punctured; clypeus rather deeply emargi- 
nate. Thorax feebly convex, one-fifth broader than long, sides moderately rounded in front, nearly straight and 
slightly divergent toward the base; apex feebly emarginate, base bisinuate; surface opaque, very finely and densely 
punctured, lateral margin slightly thickened. Elytra sub-parallel, feebly convex, opaque, not deeply striate, and 


with punctures neither approximate nor deeply impressed; interstices slightly convex and very minutely punctured. 
Body beneath ferruginous, shining. Length .46 inch; 11.5 mm. 

One specimen from Kansas, kindly given me by Mr. P. 8. Sprague, of Boston. 

Our species of Opatrinus may be known as follows : 
‘Thorax very finely punctured; inner side of male anterior tibiz distinctly 

sinuate, Sayi. 

Thorax coarsely punctured; anterior tibiee of male slightly arcuate only. 

Elytra not striate, but with rows of large deeply impressed punctures. notus. 


Elytra striate ; sides of thorax slightly reflexed. aciculatus., 


GROUP II—BLAPSTINI. 

This group differs from the preceding in having the eyes entirely divided. As in the 
previous group, the anterior and sometimes the middle tarsi are dilated in the male, and 
the anterior tibiz are also somewhat curved in the same sex; in some of the genera, how- 
ever, the dilatation is but little apparent. ‘The tibiae and femora of both sexes in all the 
genera are entirely unarmed, Notwithstanding the number of genera proposed by Mul- 
sant in this group, it has been found necessary to add several new ones. 

The following table will give their differences : 

Anterior tibize with the outer angle obliquely truncate. 


Intercoxal process of abdomen triangular, acute or oval at tip. 


Antenne long, slender. MECYSMUS. 

Antenne stout, joints 4-8 broader than long. CONIBIUS. 

Antenne stout, joints 4-8 longer than broad, BLAPSTINUS, 
Intercoxal process broad truncate at tip. NOTIBIUS. 


Anterior tibize with the apex emarginate, outer angles prolonged. 
Tibi broad, not linear. ULUS. 
MECYSMUS, n. g. 
This name is proposed for a species differing from the other Blapstini by its elongate 
depressed form, thorax sub-quadrate, narrower at base than the elytra. The antennie are 
AMERI, PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—-88 


390 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


slightly longer than the head and thorax, slender and with the joints longer than broad. 
The last three joints are scarcely thicker than those which precede, although compara 
tively shorter, the third joint is one-and-a-half times the length of the fourth. The legs 
are slender and longer than usual, the anterior tibie slender and the tarsi dilated in the 
males, 

M. angustus, Lece., (Blapstinus) Ann. Lye. V., p. 146. 

The thorax is sub-quadrate, the sides moderately rounded and broadest at middle, the 
anterior and posterior angles are not prominent, the surface feebly convex towards the 
sides, flattened on the disc. ‘The elytra are twice as long as broad at base, the base emar- 
ginate, sides feebly rounded, apex obtuse. ‘The elytra have regular striz of fine punc- 
tures, the interstices being flat and finely but sparsely pubescent. 

Length .26 inch. 


Found rather abundantly flying at night, at Fort Yuma, California. 


CONIBIUS, Lec. 

Conibius, Lee., Ann. Lye. V., p. 145. 

Besides the antennal characters given in the table, this genus may be known from 
Blapstinus by the small rounded superior portion of the eye. The anterior tibia are also 
broader, slightly more arcuate and finely denticulate on the outer edge. ‘The tarsi of the 
male are but feebly dilated. ‘The antenne are much more robust than in Blapstinus, the 
third joint being, however, longer than the fourth and at least one-half longer than broad. 


The metasternum is short and the body apterous. 
Our species are three in number. 


Sides of thorax moderately rounded, hind angles obtuse, base feebly sinuate. 


Thoracic margin feeble, equal. seriatus. 
Thoracic margin more distinct, slightly reflexed, broader behind. parallelus. 


Sides of thorax nearly parallel and straight, base more strongly sinuous, hind 


angles more distinct. elongatus. 


C. seriatus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 145. 

This species is more robust, broader and more convex than cither of those which fol- 
low. The thorax is more strongly rounded on the sides, and convex from the margin. 
The margin is very narrow and equal at apex and base, ‘The base of thorax is feebly 
sinuate and the angles obtuse. The surface of the insect is also much less opaque and 
punctured. 

Length .16 inch, 


Not abundant in the Colorado Desert of California. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 351 


CU. parallelus, Lec., loc. cit. 

The sides of the thorax are less rounded, the disc less convex, and the margin more 
evident, especially near the hind angles. ‘The elytra are more elongate, more nearly par- 
allel, less convex, and more coarsely punctured and opaque. 

Length .16-.20 inch. 

Occurs at San Jose, Cal. 

C. elongatus, elongate, sub-parallel. Head reddish brown, coarsely and rather closely punctured. Thorax 
sub-quadrate, somewhat broader than long, sides rounded anteriorly, straight and sub-parallel behind, distinetly mar 
gined, margin slightly reflexed; apex feebly emarginate, angles obtuse; base strongly sinuous, angles prominent back- 
wards; disc moderately convex, coarsely but not closely punctured. Elytra elongate, sub-parallel, densely muricately 
punctured, faintly sub-striate. Under surface and legs brownish or ferruginous. Length .14-.18 inch. 

As in the other species, the body is ferruginous or brownish in color, the elytra alone 
being black and more or less opaque. ‘The thorax at base is strongly sinuous, especially 
within each hind angle, the latter being rendered thereby more prominent behind. The 
sides of the body are also more parallel. The muricate punctures of the elytra are fur- 
nished each with a very short coarse, curved hair. ‘The elytra of seriatus are entirely de- 
void of hairs, they are probably found on recent or well preserved specimens of parallelus, 
while in this species they are probably permanent and undoubtedly more dense than it is 
possible for them to be in the latter species. The females are larger and rather more ro- 
bust than the males, while the latter have the anterior and in less degree the middle tarsi 
feebly dilated. 


Occurs rather abundantly under stones in Owens’ Valley, California. 


BLAPSTINUS, Lair. 

Blapstinus, Latr., Regne Animale ed. 2, V, p. 21. 

The differences between this genus and the preceding have already been adverted to, 
and need but little additional mention, In this the upper portion of the eye is larger and 
broader transversely, occasionally sub-angulate within. ‘The antennz are more slender 
than in Conibius, and gradually thickened toward the tip. 

Our species are numerous and may be distinguished by the characters in the following 
table : 


Thorax with a broad flattened margin. 
Alternate interspaces of elytra elevated. sordidus. 
Interspaces equal, elytra deeply striate. sulcatus. 
Thorax convex from the edge. 
Elytra black or brown, without metallic lustre ; striae continuous. 
Elytra with golden yellow hairs. aUTipiliss 


Elytra with greyish hairs. 


ww) 
on 
we 


REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.ZE OF AMERICA, 


Base of thorax strongly sinuate. 


Elytra very sparsely pubescent dilatatus. 
Thorax broader in front of middle, brevicollis. 
‘Thorax gradually narrowing from base. lecontei. 


pratensis. 
Elytra densely clothed with cinereous pubescence. vestitus, 
Base of thorax nearly truncate. 
Sides of thorax evenly rounded, not narrowing in front. longulus. 
Elytra cither glabrous or with a few black hairs. 
Head, thorax and legs ferruginous. discolor. 
Body entirely black. 
Base of thorax strongly sinuous, hind angles more pro- 
longed than the middle of the base. mestus. 


Base of thorax less sinuate, hind angles less prolonged 


and less acute. pulverulentus. 
Elytra glabrous, neous or eneous black ; strive interrupted. 
Thorax densely and coarsely punctured, less shining. lDterrupius, 
Thorax sparsely punctured, shining; elytra wneous, metallicus. 


B. sordidus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 146. 

‘This species is easily distinguishable by the flattening of the upper surface of the 
thorax along the lateral margin, and by the alternate intervals of the elytra being more 
convex than the others. ‘The thorax is broader than long, moderately rounded on the 
sides which converge toward the front; rather deeply emarginate anteriorly, with acute 
angles. The base is broadly lobed at middle with the hind angles rather prominent 
backwards, and is always closely applied against the base of the elytra. ‘The front is al- 
ways deeply emarginate, exposing (when recent) the basal membrane of the labrum, ‘The 
elytra are striate, the strive closely punctured. The whole surface is clothed rather 
densely with coarse, scale-like, recumbent ochreous hairs. ‘The color of the surface is 
brown. 

Length .82 inch. 


Very abundant under logs, at Camp Grant, Arizona. 


B. suleatus, Lee., Ann. Lye. V., 147. 

The margin is here also flattened, much less broadly however than in the preceding 
species. The head and thorax are densely and coarsely punctured. The latter is broader 
than long, rounded on the sides, scarcely narrower in front, apex emarginate, angles dis- 


tinct, base sinnate, less lobed at middle than sordidus, and with less prominent hind 


NORTH OF MEXICO, aye} 


angles. ‘The elytra are deeply striate, the interstices flat and densely punctured, ‘The sur- 
face is clothed with a pubescence similar to sordidus, but coarser and paler, ‘The color of 
the body is opaque brown. 

Length .23 inch. 

Found at Fort Yuma, California. 

B. auripilis, elongate oval, opaque brown. Head moderately, coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax con- 
vex from the edge without depressed margin, broader than long, sides gradually converging and moderately rounded. 
Apex emarginate, basal angles distinct, base sinuate, lobed at middle with angles prominent backwards, surface 
densely punctured. Elytra feebly striate, stria punctured, interstices moderately convex and densely and finely pune- 
tured. Upper surface of body moderately densely clothed with golden yellow scale-like hairs. Beneath finely and 
densely punctured and clothed with similar but finer pubescence. 

Length .30 inch. 


Easily known from the species which precede, by the absence of a depressed thoracic 
margin, and from those which follow by the vestiture of the surface of the body. — It is 
the most convex of our species. 


Occurs at Camp Grant. Arizona, in company with sordidus, though less abundant. 
yg 2 3 a b) te) 


B. dilatatus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 146. 

This species is usually black or deep brown in color, sub-opaque. ‘The thorax is feebly 
convex, slightly flattened behind the head, sides rounded, broader at middle than at base. 
Apex moderately emarginate, base sinuate, angles not prominent. <A slight impression 
on each side of base opposite the fourth elytral interval. Surface coarsely and densely 
punctured, punctures elongate and confluent. Elytra feebly convex, striate, strive coarsely 
and closely punctured, intervals flat, finely but sparsely punctured; surface sparsely 
clothed with brownish hairs. 

Length .36 inch. 

Occurs with sordidus, but is still more abundant. 

B. brevicollis, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 147. 

Similar in its characters to the preceding, differing in the shorter thorax, less rounded 
on the sides, less coarsely and confluently punctured. The form is slightly more elongate 
and more convex. The vestiture and sculpture are similar to dilatatus. The legs paler. 

Length .26—.28 inch. 

Occurs rather abundantly near San Francisco, 

B. lecontei, Muls., Opusc. Entom. Cah. 9, p. 128; pubescens || Lec., Ann. Lye. V., p. 147. 

More elongate and convex than the two species which precede, The thorax is less 
rounded on the sides and not broader at middle than at base. ‘The basal margin is less 


strongly sinuate. The punctures of the thorax are finer, less dense and not elongate, and 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—89 


304 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


scarcely confluent. ‘The surface is also more densely clothed with an ochreous pubescence, 
longer and much more distinet than in dilatatus or brevicollis, 

Length .20-—.30 inch. 

Occurs at Fort Yuma and in Arizona, 

B. pratensis, Lee., Col. Kansas and New Mexico, p. 15. 

Similar in all its more important characters to leconte/; the sides of the thorax are 
however less rounded, and the apex more deeply emarginate, with more prominent an- 
gles. ‘The ochreous vestiture is finer and much less evident, the strie of the elytra shal- 
lower and more finely punctured. 

Length .24-.26 inch. 

Occurs in Kansas. Specimens probably of the same species are seen, deprived of pu- 
besence and rather larger, from New Mexico, ‘Texas, and Arizona. 

B. vestitus, Lee., Col, Kansas, and New Mexico, p. 15. 

Karly distinguishable from our other species by the rather dense greyish pubescence. 
The sides of the thorax are feebly rounded and converge towards the apex, ‘The elytral 
strive are faint and the punctures fine. ‘The body above is also very faintly bronzed, a 
character found only in the last two species in the table. 

Length .20 inch. 

Specimens reported from Kansas only. 

B. longulus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, 147. 

‘The base of the thorax is here so feebly sinuate as compared with our other species 
as to merit the distinction of being called nearly truncate. ‘The thorax is as wide at 
apex as at base, sides feebly rounded, slightly sinuate near the hind angles, which are 
rectangular. ‘The elytra are moderately striate with coarse punctures, the intervals feebly 
convex and rather coarsely punctured, The form is rather clongate and the color brownish 
black, shining. 

Length .28 inch. 

Occurs in Southern Arizona. 


B. discolor, elongate; head, thorax and legs ferruginous, elytra black, not shining. Head coarsely and 
densely punctured, punctures elongate and confluent. Thorax broader than long, moderately convex, less coarsely 
and densely punctured than the head ; apex feebly emarginate, angles not prominent; base feebly sinuate ; sides 
feebly rounded, converging toward apex. Elytra elongate oval, convex with striae of moderately coarse punctures of 
which the interstices ave feebly convex and finely punctured. Body beneath densely punctured. 

Length .36 inch. 

Easily known by its peculiar coloring. ‘There are no signs of any pubescence. As in 
longulus the thorax is feebly sinuate at base. ‘Lhe elytral strive are more faint toward 
the base, becoming gradually more distinct toward the apex. 


A single specimen from near Visalia, California. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. BYSyS) 


B. moestus, Mels., Proc. Acad., 3, 65. 


Found in the Northern and Middle States. 


B. pulverulentus, Mann., Beitrag, 276; culéfornicus Motsch. Bull., Mose., 1845, p. 77. 

The species of Motschulsky is very badly described but it is doubtless the same as 
that described by Mannerheim. 

Both this and the preceding species are deep shining black and have but few black 
hairs very sparsely scattered over the elytra, rarely seen except when the specimen is 
fresh. ‘This species has also, when recent, a coating of whitish efflorescence previously 
mentioned among the species of ‘Trimytis. Joestus and pulverulentus are closely related 
and differ only in the base of the thorax of the former being more strongly sinuous and 
the hind angles rather more prominent than the middle lobe of the base. Both are 
nearly equal in size. 

Length .20-.23 inch. 


Occurs abundantly everywhere in California. 


B. interruptus, Say, (Opatrum) Journ, Acad. 3, 264; luridus, Muls., Opuse. Entom. Cah. 9, p. 129. 

This species is separated from the synonymy in which it has been placed on account 
of the permanence of certain characters in a considerable series of specimens. ‘The clytra 
are here black, very rarely with any metallic tinge. The thorax is densely and coarsely 
punctured, less shining than in metallicus. ‘The species is larger, broader and more convex. 

Length .22 inch. 


Abundant in the Northern States and Canada. 


B. metallicus, Fab. (Blaps), El. 1, 143; Beauy. Ins. p. 187, tab. 80b. fig. 2, weneolus, Mels., Proc. Acad. 3, 66. 

Smaller than ¢nferruptus and more distinctly metallic. ‘The thorax is finely and 
sparsely punctured and shining. ‘The punctures of the elytra are very large and cause 
them to appear very rugose. In both species there is a depression of the base of the 
thorax opposite the fourth interspace, more evident in metallicus, 

Length .18—.20 inch. 


Abundant with the preceding. 


NOTIBIUS, Lee. 

Notibius, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 145. : 

Differs from Blapstinus in having the upper portion of the eyes smaller and rounder, 
the intercoxal process of the abdomen quadrangular and truncate, and the scutellum very 
transverse, scarcely visible between the elytra. Prosternum more or less prolonged 
behind the cox, mesosternum correspondingly concave; metasternum short, body 


apterous, 


356 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


All the species exhibit some sexual peculiarity in the anterior tibiee, especially granu- 
latus, where the tibia becomes rather suddenly arcuate in its lower half forming thus an 
angle between the upper and lower portion.* 

Six species of this genus are known, all from the desert regions of California and 


. 


Arizona. The following table shows their differences : 


Elytra very broadly oval; dise faintly or not striate and rather densely 
but finely muricately punctured. 


Elytra sparsely pubescent. 


Surface uniformly dark brown or black. puberulus, 
Head and thorax ferruginous. puncticollis. 
Elytra not pubescent, sub-opaque, black. gagates. 


Elytra elongate oval or sub-parallel; disc distinctly striate or sulcate. 


Anterior tibie similar in the sexes. 


Ant. tibie neither sub-angulate nor arcuate. opacus. 
Anterior tibie dissimilar in the sexes. 

Ant. tibia & sub-angulate at middle, arcuate beneath. granulatus. 

Ant. tibia % suddenly narrower at base. sulcatus. 


N. puberulus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 145. 

The tibiae of the sexes are similar to each other, but slightly more arcuate in the male. 
From all the other species this and the following differ in having the anterior tibie very 
broad, outer edge and hind surface finely denticulate. ‘The thorax is broader than long, 
moderately convex, distinctly margined, sides feebly rounding, not converging, apex 
emarginate, angles obtuse, base sinuate, angles distinct; disc finely and sparsely punc- 
tured, Elytra broadly oval, scarcely one-third longer than broad, convex, faintly striate, 
densely finely muricately punctured, each puncture bearing a short hair. ‘The upper 
surface is very dark brown in color, the legs dark ferruginous. 

Length .22 inch. 


Occurs in the Colorado Desert and Arizona, 


N. puncticollis, Lec., Ann. Lye., V., 145. 

Similar to puberulus, differs in having the head and thorax ferruginous, the latter 
more convex, less margined, more densely and coarsely punctured. ‘The elytral strive 
are more evident, muricate punctures more distinct and abundant. 

Length .20-.22 inch. 

Occurs in the Sacramento Valley, at San Jose and near Visalia. 


* By an error of the pen, evidently, in the use of “last”? for “first,”’ this peculiar angulation of the tibia is ae- 


credited to Conibius, in the Classification of Coleoptera of N. A., p. 227. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. Bon 


N. 
broader than long, convex, densely and finely punctured, sides feebly rounded, narrowing slightly toward base; apex 


ragates, entirely black, sub-opaque. Head densely and finely punctured; margin of epistoma paler. Thorax 


£ 
5 


emarginate, angles distinet; base rounded, angles obtuse. Elytra broad, convex, densely and minutely punctured. 
Beneath black, shining, sparsely punctured. 
Length .24-.28 inch. 


This species with the table needs but little description; it differs from those with 
broadly oval elytra in its being totally black, thorax narrower at base, base rounded, apical 
angles distinct, not obtuse. ‘The elytra are less rounded on the sides, the humeri distinct. 
There are no elytral striae and the punctures are very minute and irregularly placed. The 
anterior tibia also, are narrow, not broad, as in the two preceding species, 

Occurs in moderate abundance at Camp Grant, under stones, and when recent is 
pruinose. 

N. opacus, Lec., New Species, p. 118. 

The thorax is less transverse than in the broad species which precede, is more convex 
and is also narrower at base and narrower than the base of the elytra. The elytra are 
elongate oval, rounded on the sides, with distinct humeral angles, surface striate, strive 
punctured, intervals feebly convex and finely punctured. The head and thorax are very 
densely and confluently punctured with elongate punctures, 

Length .20-.24 inch. 

The measurement given by Leconte (loc. cit.) is probably a mistake, as his type is 
one-half longer at least than indicated (.12 inch), 

‘The anterior tibia are here also similar in the sexes, and are very gradually wider 
from the base toward the apex. 


Occurs in Arizona and Lower California. 


N. granulatus, Lec, Ann. Lyc. V., 145. 

While similar in form to opacus, this species has the thorax broader and less narrowed 
behind, the surface is densely and coarsely punctured. The elytra are deeply striate, the 
strie closely punctured, the interstices convex and muricately punctured. The anterior 
tibiae of the males serve to distinguish this species from any other. From the base to the 
middle these tibia are very gradually wider, below the middle the tibia are suddenly ar- 
cuate, causing them to appear toothed. The tibiee of the female are gradually expanded 
toward the apex and are broader than the male. 

Length .18-.25 inch, 


Occurs at Fort Yuma and Arizona. 


N. sulcatus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V., 145. 
The thorax is sub-quadrate, not narrower behind, sides feebly rounded, almost parallel 
behind the middle. ‘The elytra are elongate oval, sub-parallel, deeply striate, strive coarsely 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—90 


; REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


Gs 
Gr 


punctured, interstices very convex and sparsely punctured. The males have the anterior 
tibir slender at the basal fourth, then suddenly broader and parallel toward the apex. 
Those of the female are similar to the preceding species. 

Leneth .19-.25 inch. 

Occurs at San Diego, Lower California, and Arizona, 


All the preceding species, excepting gagates, have ferruginous legs. 
ULUS, n. g. 
‘The above generic name is suggested for two species of Blapstinus differing from the 


typical form in having the anterior tibiae more dilated, emarginate at apex, with the outer 


angle prolonged. The species resemble ‘Trichoton. 


Thorax gradually narrowing from base to apex. obliquus., 
‘Thorax as wide at middle as at base. craseus, 


U. obliquus, Lee., (Blapstinus) New Species, p. 117. 

The thorax gradually narrows from base to apex. The surface is sparsely clothed 
with short brownish hairs. 

Length .382 inch. 

From Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

U. crassus, Lee., (Blapstinus) Ann, Lye. V., 146. 

The sides of the thorax are more strongly rounded and as wide at middle as at base. 
The vestiture of the surface consists of ochreous scale-like hairs, rather densely placed. 

Length .22-.26 inch, 


From around San Francisco, California. 


TRIBE XXIH—OPATRINI. 


Mentum small, supported by a distinct gular peduncle; head deeply inserted, always 
more or less emarginate in front; eyes variable, coarsely gramuated, rarely divided ; 
labrum visible; antennze gradually clavate or with the last three joints suddenly broader ; 
intercoxal process of abdomen usually broad, truncate ; anterior tibie (of our genera) broad, 
triangular, spurs distinct ; tarsi of male not dilated, 

There can be no point of difference given between this tribe and the preceding that 
will not be found subject to some exceptions. The simple tarsi of the male is that one 
however, most to be relied on, taken in connection with other characters which, though 
of small value, show this tribe to be abundantly a distinct type from the preceding. 
Among these may be classed the broader head, very deeply inserted, almost concealing 
the eyes from above, and with a more prominent epistoma., The mentum also, is simple, 


never sub-trilobed as in many of the gencra of Pedinini. ‘The small number of genera in 
/ to) io} 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 309 


our fauna renders it unadvisable to enter further into the discussion of this question, ‘To 
those who desire to pursue it further, the works of Lacordaire and Mulsant afford abund- 
ant means, 
The following table exhibits our genera. 
Tibial spurs small; last joint of maxillary palpi triangular. 
Anterior tibie slightly dilated, outer angle prolonged; antenne with the last four joints 
suddenly broader; intercoxal process acute. AMMODONUS. 
Anterior tibiz broad, triangular; antenne with gradually broader joints; short, clavate. EPHALUS. 


Tibial spurs very large; last joint of maxillary palpi oval. 


Intercoxal process triangular, acute; eyes large. CNEMEPLATIA. 
Intercoxal process very broad, rounded; eyes absent. ALAUDES. 


Each of the above genera may be considered as the representative of a distinct sub- 


tribe. The characters of each will be given in more detail as each genus is considered. 


AMMODONUS, Juls. 

Ammodonus, Muls., Opuse. Ent. Cahicr X, p. 143. 

Body oval, moderately convex. Epistoma rather broadly emarginate. Eyes coarsely 
granulated, emarginate in front by the side of the head. Last joint of maxillary palpi 
feebly triangular. Antenne longer than the head, first two joints thicker, third joint 
larger than the fourth, joints four to seven gradually shorter and more transverse, eight 
to eleven rather suddenly broader. Prothorax applied against the base of elytra. Scu- 
tellum small. Elytral epipleuree gradually narrower toward apex, extending slightly be- 
yond the fourth ventral suture. Anterior tibize gradually wider, external apical angle 
much prolonged and acute. ‘Tibial spurs small, Middle and hind tibize slender. First 
and last joints of hind tarsi equal and longer than second and third together. Intercoxal 
process of abdomen triangular, acute. Hind margin of third and fourth ventral segments 
distinctly sub-coriaceous and feebly arcuate. Body winged. 


A. fossor, Lec., (Opatrum) Journ, Acad., 2d Series, 1, p. 92; Muls. (Ammodonus) Opuse. Ent. Cah. X, p. 144. 

The generic characters are of such a nature as renders any detailed description of the 
unique species unnecessary. The margin of the body is fringed with short hairs, the sur- 
face black, but densely clothed with ash-colored scales. On the elytra the vestiture is less 
dense, and three series of rounded spots are visible on each elytron, in which the scales 
are paler and more densely placed. The under surface and legs are paler and the scales 
sparsely scattered. 

Length .18-.22 inch. 


Not common in collections. It has been found in considerable numbers burrowing in 
the sand in the neighborhood of Trenton, and at Bath, Long Island. 


360 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


EPHALUS, Lee. 

Ephalus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 227. 

Broadly oval, convex, resembling Ccelus. Epistoma deeply emarginate, sides of front 
slightly sinuous, forming an angle in front of the eyes, which are fecbly emarginate, Last 
joint of maxillary palpi feebly triangular, longer than broad, Antennie-very short clavate, 
first two joints broader, second and third equal in length, four to eleven very short, trans- 
verse and perfoliate, the last joint being slightly narrower and longer than the preceding. 
‘Thorax applied against the base of elytra, Scutellum small, transverse, Epipleuree broad, 
coneave, incomplete behind. Intercoxal process of abdomen short, obtuse in front Hind 
margins of third and fourth ventral segments distinctly sub-coriaceous, feebly arcuate, An- 
terior tibi« flat, triangular, outer apical angle not prolonged. Spurs small. Hind tarsi 
with the last joint slightly longer than the first, and both longer than the second and 
third together. Body apterous. 

The form of the anterior tibize and intercoxal process of abdomen, and more especially 
the steucture of the antennw, indicate this genus as the type of a sub-tribe distinct from 
that represented by the preceding genus, differing also from the Stizopodes of Lacordaire 
or any of the * Branches” defined by Malsant. 

E. latimanus, Lec., (Heliopates) Journ. Acad. Series 2, 1, p. 92. 

Form similar to Celus or Husattus conrerus. Black, opaque. Margin of body fringed 
with yellowish hairs Surface rather densely muricately punctured, each puncture bearing 
a small yellowish hair, Elytra very faintly sub-striate. 

Length .30-.36, width .20-.24 inch. 


Rather rare in the New England States. 


CNEMEPLATIA, Costa. 

To this genus I refer a very rare insect collected by myself in Owens’ Valley, Califor- 
nia. Specimens of the rare European species of Cnemeplatia are before me, and Tam un- 
able to detect any differences not within the bounds of generic limitation, ‘The epistoma 
is rather more deeply emarginate and the edge slightly more reflexed. ‘The front in Cne- 
meplatia has a shght impression on either side, not evident in this insect. The epipleuree 
are entire in both, and the intercoxal process triangular and acute. The palpi are rather 
short, the last joint of maxillary oval. ‘The antenn are similarly constructed, although 
the last three joints are in the California species somewhat broader. Both species are 
winged. ‘The anterior tibiz are triangular and the spurs large. 


C. sericea, elongate oval, sub-parallel, moderately convex. ead sub-quadrangular, broader than long, emar- 
ginate in front and with slightly reflexed margin, eyes prominent, feebly emarginate in front, surface feebly convex, 
densely and finely punctured, and densely clothed with a yellowish, grey, recumbent silken pubescence. Thorax tra- 
pezoidal, slightly narrower behind and broader than long, moderately convex, densely and finely punctured and densely 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 361 


clothed as the head; anteriorly feebly emarginate, angles obtuse, sides feebly rounded, base rounded, angles nearly 
rectangular. Elytra elongate oval, sub-parallel, apex obtuse, base feebly emarginate, humeri moderately prominent; 
moderately convex above with striw of coarse punctures, and clothed as in the head and thorax. Under surface of 
body finely punctured and pubescent, the under surface of thorax and prothorax more densely. 

Within each hind angle the base of the prothorax is a rather broad impression, ren- 
dering the middle of the base more prominent; there is also a slight impression opposite 
the scutellum, The pubescence of the upper surface is uniformly distributed on each of 
the divisions except on the elytra, where a sub-transverse triangular spot more denuded 
is seen at the middle of the lateral margin and mid-way between this and the apex. These 
spots are broadest at the margin and are present on both sides of the two specimens in my 
possession. As compared with the European species, the thorax is longer, less narrowed 
behind and feebly emarginate in front; the base slightly narrower than, and the apex 
equal to, the width of the elytral base. The ground color of the insect is reddish brown 
one of the specimens being rather darker. 

Length .12 inch. 


Rare in Owens’ Valley, California, under stones. 


ALAUDES, 2. g. 

Anterior tibize broad, triangular, spurs very large. Intercoxal process of abdomen 
short, broad, rounded in front. Head transverse, broader behind, emarginate in front, 
sinuate or. the sides. Eyes absent. Antenne ten-jointed, first two thicker, intermediate 
short, broader than long, compactly placed, last three forming an oval compact club, of 
which the terminal joint is longer. Mentum very short, transverse; ligula not promi- 
nent; palpi very short. Maxillary palpi short, last joint oval, slightly arcuate. Gular 
region prominent, peduncle of mentum broad, emarginate, angles prominent forward, 
Prosternum not prominent. Thorax very transverse. Elytra elongate oval, straight on 
the sides, connate ; body apterous. Scutellum transverse. Hind tarsi with the first joint 
rather shorter than the last. 

_ The absence of eyes and the form of the intercoxal process of the abdomen will serve 
to distinguish this genus from any of those with triangular tibiae and with the last joint of 
the maxillary palpi oval. The margin of the head is slightly sinuate at the position usu- 
ally occupied by the eyes, and the anterior and posterior canthi of the eye here are in 
contact. Beneath the margin of the front the side of the head forms a broad groove, near 
the anterior limit of which the antenne as usual, arise, This broad groove may be con- 
sidered as merely the continuation of that in which the antenne usually arise, owing to 
absence of any prominence in the region of the eye. The gular region is flat, suddenly 
declivous on the sides; the lateral margins converge to the front, where it is deeply emar- 


ginate, with the angles prominent. The mentum is situated at the bottom of this semi. 
AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—91 


Sie REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID OF AMERICA, 


lunar emargination, short and transverse, The ligula is almost entirely concealed. The 
mandibles are anteriorly emarginate at tip. The parapleuree of the metathorax appear to 
be connate with the sternum, at least the sutures “cannot be detected with such micro- 
scopic power as can be used. ‘The prothorax is very short, nearly three times as broad 
as long, broadly emarginate in front, trisinuate at base. At the middle of the base of the 
thorax, opposite the scutellum, is a very abrupt and deep depression, and between it and 
each angle a moderate sinuation. The elytra have also a scutellar depression opposite 
that of the prothorax. The humeri are distinct and the base feebly emarginate. 


A. singularis, oval, brownish, sub-depressed. Head-and thorax (?densely and coarsely punctured) densely 
clothed with yellowish scales, of which some are larger and more prominent. Thorax slightly narrower behind, sides 
feebly rounded, hind angles obtuse. Elytra with nine rows of large punctures, the interspaces bearing short, thick, 
erect, capitate yellow hairs distantly placed. Head, prothorax and legs beneath clothed with yellowish scales, the 
rest of the surface coarsely but sparsely punctured, and with a few scattered scales. 

Length .06 inch. 


The head and thorax are so closely covered by scales that it is impossible to tell 
whether there is any puncturing or not. With the exception of the erect capitate hairs, 
the elytra are not clothed, and the surface is rather reddish brown and moderately shining. 
This insect is by far the most interesting and singular of any of those discovered by 
myself in California, and adds another to the list, still very limited, of blind Tenebrionide, 
and is the only blind insect known from California. ‘The specimens are very rare and 
found living with a small black ant under stones, They are difficult to obtain, owing to 
their rarity, the peculiar conditions demanded as a residence by the ant and by the ex- 
cessive numbers of the latter when found, rendering it very troublesome to search care- 


fully in their neighborhood. 


TRIBE XXIJII—CRYPTICINI. 


Hind coxe moderately distant, oblique. Tfead inserted as far as eyes, which are small 
and reniform and not coarsely granulated. Antennie slender, outer joints rounded, 
slightly thicker, Prosternum prolonged, mesosternum concave, Anterior cox nearly 
round, middle coxie with distinet trochantin. Tarsi spinous beneath; first joint of hind’ 


tarsi very long. 


CRYPTICUS, Lar. 
Crypticus, Latr., Regne Anim. ed. 1, II, p. 298. 
One genus and species constitute this tribe in our fauna, easily known by its oval de- 
pressed form, resembling somewhat an Hydroporus. 
C. obsoletus, Say, Journ. Acad. IIT, 265. 
Leneth .14-.16 inch. 


Occurs in the Southern Atlantic region. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 363 


TRIBE XXIV—ULOMINI. 


Body elongate oval, usually somewhat depressed. Head deeply inserted in prothorax, 
short, frequently broad and emarginate in front. Frontal suture always distinct. Labrum 
usually prominent, transverse. Mentum variable in most of the genera, trilobed, with the 
middle lobe prominent. Maxillary palpi with the last joint usually triangular, sometimes 
elongate oval. Antenne gradually thickened toward apex, (rarely with the terminal 
joints forming a club) and more or less perfoliate ; third joint not very long. Eyes vari- 
able, always more or less emarginate by the sides of the front and the sides of the head 
behind, never entirely divided. Anterior coxe sub-transverse or sub-cylindrical, middle 
coxe without trochantin. Intercoxal process of abdomen acute or oval, never broad. 
Tarsi pubescent beneath, last joint elongated. ‘Tibial spurs always visible, never very 
large. Body winged, rarely apterous. 

The tribes of the family Tenebrionide are all difficult of definition, and no one is pro- 
bably more troublesome than this one, and it is only on the table of characters given 
above, taken as a whole, that the tribe must be considered as limited. In the structure 
of the antenne and the absence of trochantin to the middle cox, we find the only points 
of difference between the Ulomini and Tenebrionini. The Diaperini are still less distinct, 
for with a form of antenna not unlike (though at times sub-serrate) we find the structure 
of the front offering the most striking points of difference. In Diaperini the eyes are 
always round, prominent, feebly emarginate in front and always more prominent than the 
gene. In the course of the study it has seemed advisable to preserve the Diaperini dis- 
tinct from the Ulomini, in lieu of uniting them, as has been done by Duval. Its compo- 
sition is here substantially that of Lacordaire, less Hypophlceus and some genera unknown 
to him by specimens.. The tribe Hypophleeini of Leconte appears to me untenable, the 
character defining it, the invisibility of the clypeal membrane, is not constant and the 
membrane is frequently visible in some of the genera of Tenebrionini and Pedinini. ‘The 
genus Pratzeus, Lec., is found to have a faintly sub-bilobed penultimate tarsal joint and a 
sculpture strongly recalling Anzedus, etc., and has been united with the Heterotarsini, 
As defined, the tribe has many genera; some new to our fauna are now added, while 
others entirely new are indicated, 


The following table exhibits the characters of our genera, as far as can be done in a 
synoptic table. 
A. Antenne with the last two or three joints suddenly broader. 
Epipleure very narrow at tip; antennal club three-jointed. TRIBOLIUM. 
Epipleure distinct at tip; antennal club two-jointed. DIGDUS. 
B. Antenne gradually broader toward the tip. 


REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


Base of thorax applied against the bases of the elytra, or some- 
what distant from them; never overlapping. 
Head of male either tuberculate or horned, and last joint of 
maxillary patpi oval; mentum small. 
Head of male tuberculate; mandibles with a horn above. j 


Mandibles above broad, recurved, and not toothed. GNATHOCERUS. 


Mandibles above slender. incurved and toothed. ECHOCERUS. 
Head of male with two long horns, arising within and 
S ? > 


above the eyes. EVOPLUS. 
Head of male not tuberculate; last jot of maxillary palpi 


triangular; mentum moderate. 
Epipleure entire. 


Anterior tibixw slender, similar to the middle tibizx. 
Head of male with two tubercles above ; femora 


mutic. ULOSONTA. 
Head of male simple ; femora broad and with a 


broad tooth near apex. MEROTEMNUS. 
Anterior tibiz more or less dilated, broader than 


the middle tibiz. 


Prosternum prolonged; mesosternum deeply 
emarginate. MYCOTROGUS. 
Prosternum not prolonged; mesosternum very 
slightly concave. 


Front tibie not denticulate; last joint of 


antenne quadrangular, truncate. 


APHANOTUS. 
Front tibie finely 


denticulate ; last joint 
of antenne oval. 


ALPHITOBIUS. 
Epipleure abbreviated. 
Anterior tibiz slender. 
First joint of hind tarsi long. CYN-EUS. 
First joint of hind tarsi short. METACLISA, 
Anterior tibix broad, serrate. ULOMA. 


Base of thorax margined, hind angles covering the humeral angles 
of the elytra; outer joints of antenn not perfoliate. 
Anterior tibie slightly dilated, finely denticulate. 


Epipleure 
abbreviated. 


Last joint of maxillary palpi broadly 
triangular, EUTOCHIA, 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 365 


TRIBOLIUM, Jlac Leay. 

Tribolium, MacLeay, Annulos. Jayan., p. 47. 

The mentum in this genus is very nearly square, with rounded anterior angles. The 
last joint of the maxillary palpi elongate oval, truncate at apex. Antenne slender, last 
three joints suddenly dilated, forming a flattened club, truncate at apex. The epipleure 
are entire but extremely narrow at tip. Anterior tibiwe very feebly dilated and percepti- 
bly broader than those of the middle pair. . 


Two species are known in our fauna. 


T. ferrugineum, Fab., (Trogosita); Wollaston (Tribolium). 

T. madens, Charp., (Tenebrio); Redtenbacher (Tribolium). 

The former species is ferruginous, the latter black. Length .16-.20 inch. The latter 
species is the larger. As these two species are imported and full descriptions and details 
of synonymy are given in many readily accessible works on European Coleoptera, it is 
deemed unnecessary to repeat them. 


Both species are found abundantly wherever meal or grain is stored. 


DIGDUS, Lee. 

Dicedus, Class. Col. N. A., 238. New Species, p. 132. 

Mentum trapezoidal, narrower behind, anterior angles distinct, convex along the me- 
dian line and coarsely punctured, Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate oval, scarcely 
compressed, Antenne with the first joint cylindrical, thick, last two joints suddenly 
broader, compressed and pilose, the last joint being the larger. Epipleure entire, as broad 
at apex as at middle. Intercoxal process of abdomen moderate, rounded at tip. Anterior 
tibiz shghtly dilated, outer apical angle distinct, external edge with a few small teeth, 
spurs rather large. 

ID. punctatus, Lec., loc. cit. 

A small, elongate oval, black species, with the head and thorax and elytral striz 
coarsely punctured. The elytra have eight striz but no scutellar stria. In the specimens 
in my possession the suture defining the epistoma is quite distinct, the line being darker 
and smoother than the rest of the front. The epistoma is narrow, short and semilunar, 

Length 10-15 inch. Found rather abundantly under pine bark, over our whole 
country. 


GNATHOCERUS, Thunb. 
Gnathocerus, Thunberg., Act. Holm. 1814, p. 47. 
Mentum small, trapezoidal. Maxillary palpi elongate oval, very obliquely truncate at 


tip. Epipleure short. Base of thorax rather distant from base of elytra. Head with 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VON. XIV.—92 


366 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


two short horns between the eyes. Mandibles ($) with a broad ramus ascending above 
the head, the inner being simple and the apex curved backward. Side margin of head (3 ) 
broadly foliaceous and prominent in front of each eye. Eyes deeply emarginate in front 
and behind and nearly divided. Middle of epistoma prominent; on each side emarginate 
for the ramus of the mandible. Antenne gradually dilated. Anterior and middle. tibie 
similar, not dilated. 

G. cornutus, Fab., (Trogosita); Thunberg., (Gnathocerus); Lucas, (Cerandria). 

As this insect has been introduced and is by no means common in this country, the 
student is referred for a fuller description and an excellent figure to Duval, Gen. Col. 
Europe. 

Length .18—-.20 inch. 


The only specimen known to me was found in California, inside of an army biscuit. 


ECHOCERUS, n. g. 

This generic name is suggested for Gnathocerus masillosus, which differs from the 
type of the genus in which has been placed, in the following particulars : 

Eyes rounded, prominent, feebly emarginate in front and not all behind. Sides of 
front less foliaceous and not prominent. Antennie more or less robust, last joint sub- 
quadrate, Superior ramus of mandibles more slender, toothed and incurved, — First 
joint of hind tarsi not longer than the second and third. 

E. maxillosus, Fab., (Trogosita); Mann., (Cerandria). 

This is also an introduced insect, found principally in the Southern States. 

Length .12 inch. 


EVOPLUS, Lee. 


Evoplus, Lec., New Species, 128. 

The description of Dr. Leconte (loc. cit.) leaves nothing to be desired, and is so recent 
as to render it unnecessary to repeat any portion of it after the table of genera already 
given, 

E. ferrugineus, Lec., New Species, p. 128. 

This genus is undoubtedly near that described as Peneta, and probably forms a link 
between it and Gunathocerus, 

Leneth .20 inch. 


Found heretofore only in Louisiana. 


ULOSONIA, Castein. 
Ulosonia, CasteIn., Hist. Nat. des Coleopt. IT, p. 220. 


Although the head of the male is here (in our species) tuberculate, or in some species 
horned, the maxillary palpi have the last joint broadly triangular or securiform. Epi- 


pleurie entire. Anterior tibiz slender. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 367 


U. marginata, Lec., (Uloma) Ann. Lye. V, 149; (Ulosonia) Gen. Col. N. A., p. 238. 
Similar in form to Uloma, with the margin of the elytra more reflexed. 
Length .33 inch. 


Found under Cottonwood bark, along the Gila and Colorado Rivers. 


MEROTEMNUS, n. g. 


This name is suggested for an elongate Ulomide with entire epipleure and slender 

front tibia, differing from Ulosonia in the epistoma more prominent, suture not impressed 

5) 5D ’ ’ 

front not tuberculate. Femora clavate and flattened, emarginate at tip, and with a broad 
tooth at the emargination, on the middle and hind femora. 

M. elongatus, elongate, sub-parallel, moderately convex shining, ferruginous brown. Head moderately con- 
vex, sparsely and finely punctured, not tuberculate, frontal suture not impressed. Thorax sub-quadrate, one-fifth 
broader than long, sides nearly parallel, very feebly rounded, margin distinct, slightly reflexed, apex emarginate, an- 
gles not prominent, base almost truncate, angles rectangular; dise sparsely and finely punctured. Elytra elongate, 
more than twice longer than broad, sides slightly converging toward apex, base truncate on “each side, emarginate at 
middle, slightly broader than base of thorax, angles rectangular; nine entire and one short scutellar stria, moderately 
punctured, interstices convex, smooth. Beneath very finely and sparsely punctured. Body winged. 

Length .24 inch. 


The femora of this insect are much more strongly clavate than any other of our genera 
of Ulomini, ‘The anterior femur is not emarginate near the apex, but slightly sinuous, 
the middle and hind pairs distinctly emarginate, the tooth of the latter being quite large 
and rather acute at tip. 

One specimen is known to me, presented to Dr. Leconte by Mr. Ulke, who received it 
from California. 


MYCOTROGUS, n. g. 


This genus differs from all our other genera of Ulomini in having the prosternum pro- 
5 dD 3 
longed. mucronate and with a deeply emarginate mesosternum. From Fyelus, Muls., it 

Die ] 5 , 
differs in the tuberculate head, the convex mentum with the middle lobe rather promi- 
nent in front. The third joint of the antenni is longer than the fourth. The epipleuree 
are entire, nearly as broad at apex as at middle, the anterior tibie dilated, very finely 
denticulate and slightly arcuate. The hind tarsi have the first joint longer than the 
second and third. Body winged. 

M. piceus, elongate oval, depressed, piceous, black, shining. Head rather densely punctured, suture of epis- 
toma impressed, epistoma and sides of front ferraginous. Thorax sparsely punctured, broader than long, feebly con- 
vex, sides moderately rounded and margined, gradually narrowing to apex, which is rather deeply emarginate, angles 
prominent, not acute; base strongly sinuate, hind angles rectangular. Elytra oval, one-half longer than broad, feebly 
rounded on the sides, base emarginate at middle and truncate at sides; apex obtusely rounded. Dise with eight 
entire and a short scutellar stria of moderate punctures. Strie feebly impressed. Beneath sparsely and finely punc- 


tured. Antenne and legs paler. 


Length .24 inch. 


368 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDJE OF AMERICA, 


Above each eye in this insect is a rather small tubercle, similar to that seen in our 
species of Ulosonia ¢. ‘The frontal suture is also similarly impressed and the epistoma 
convex. One specimen is known, of similar derivation as that of the preceding genus. 


M. aneustus, brownish ferruginous, moderately shining, elongate oval, parallel. Head rather coarsely but 
sparsely punctured. Thorax slightly broader than long, feebly convex, coarsely but sparsely and irregularly punc- 
tured; apex emarginate, angles not prominent; base bisinnate, angles rectangular; sides anteriorly rounded, posterior 
three-fourths straight and parallel, finely margined, margin slightly retlexed. Elytra elongate, parallel, apex obtuse, 
base emareinate at middle, with eight striw of elongate punctures, one marginal and a very indistinct scutellar stria; 
interstices flat, finely and sparsely punctured. Propleure coarsely but sparsely punctured, pectus and abdomen finely 
aud sparsely punctured, smooth and shining. 


Length .16-.20 inch 
Camp Grant, Arizona, under Cottonwood bark. 


The male is narrower but smaller than the female, and the frontal tubercles distinct, 
though less prominent than in the preceding species. ‘The base of the thorax has also a 
distinct impression on each side, scarcely evident in the female, ‘This species differs from 
the preceding in its more elongate and less depressed form, its color and the form of the 
thorax. In piceus the thorax gradually narrows from base to apex, in augustus the thorax 


is rounded only in front, while the posterior three-fourths are straight and parallel. 


APHANOTUS, Lee. 

Aphanotus, Lee., Gen. Col. N. A., p. 233. 

In addition to the characters given in the synoptic table, the following will serve to 
render this genus more certain of recognition, when all the foreign genera of the tribe are 
taken imte consideration. 

Epistoma truncate in front, convex at middle, slightly concave on the sides, suture in- 
distinct. Eyes very deeply emarginate in front, superior portion elongate, oblique. —An- 
tennie short, rather robust; first and second joints thicker than the third; second short, 
nearly globular; third slightly longer than fourth; joints four to cleven very gradually 
broader, last joint larger and truncate at tip. The hind tarsi are short, first joint equal 
to the two intermediate, and last joint slightly longer than the first. Intercoxal process 


rounded at tip. 


A. brevicornis, Lec., (Eulabis) Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 78. 

Phe head and thorax are coarsely, the latter rather densely punctured. ‘The elytra 
are sculptured with rows of faintly impressed punctures, the interstices of which are flat 
except at middle, where they form a moderately elevated fine line. 

Length .25 inch. 


From California, 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 369 


ALPHITOBIUS, Steph. 
Alphitobius, Stephens, [ilust. Brit. Ent. V, p. 11. 


A. diaperinus, Panzer, (Tenebrio); Wollaston, (Alphitobius). 
A. piceus, Oliv., (Helops); Muls., (Alphitobius ). 


These two insects are not natives of our country, and therefore require no special men- 
tion. For full description, both of genus and species, the student is referred to the works 
on the species of the various European local faunee. Large numbers are occasionally 
brought in vessels from various parts of the world. A few years since a vessel arrived at 
Philadelphia from Sierra Leone, the cargo of which was plentifully overrun by the latter 
species. As far as I can discover, all the specimens found are direct importations, and 
they do not appear to propagate. 


CYNAEUS, Lec. 

Cynzus, Lec., Gen. Col. N. A., p. 288. 

The eyes are rather large and convex, deeply emarginate in front, slightly behind ; 
inferior portion of the eye large. Antenne with the third joint nearly equal to fourth 
and fifth ; joints five to ten transverse, last joint oval. Hind tarsi slender, first joint long. 

C. angustus, Lee., (Plalydema) Ann. Lye. V, 149. 

Thorax broad, equalling one-and-a-half times the length, emarginate in front, sides 
strongly rounded, not narrowing in front, as broad as the elytra. FElytra feebly striate, 
strize punctured, interstices feebly convex, densely and finely punctured. 

Length .20-.22 inch. 

Found in the Colorado Desert of California, probably near Vallecito. 

C. depressus, n. sp. 

Differs from the preceding as follows: Thorax less transverse, nearly truncate at apex, 
sides very feebly rounded, narrowing in front. Base narrower than the base of elytra. 
Striz of elytra not deep, more evident at apex, interstices more sparsely punctured. In 
both species the head and thorax are rather densely, but not coarsely punctured. 

Length .22-.30 inch. 

Occurs in the southern Coast Range of California. 


METACLISA, Duval. 

Metaclisa, Duval, Gen. Col. Europe. IIT, p. 296. 

In this genus the mentum is distinctly trilobed in front, the middle lobe prominent, 
lateral lobes inflexed. ‘The anterior tibiee are slender, the epipleure short and the first 
joint of the hind tarsi not longer than the two succeeding joints together. 

M. marginalis, piceous black, shining, elongate oval, sub-parallel. Head slightly broader than long, feebly 


emarginate in front, coarsely but not densely punctured, epistoma paler and the more finely and densely punctured. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—93 


310 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


Thorax one-third broader than long, moderately convex, coarsely but sparsely punctured, anteriorly emarginate, an- 
gles not prominent, base broadly sinuous, sides moderately rounded, gradually narrowing toward apex, margin 
slightly reflexed. Elytra elongate oval, parallel, sub-depressed; with eight entire and a short scutellar stria; stria 
punctured; interstices flat, very feebly and rather sparsely punctured. Beneath ferruginous brown, sparsely but 
coarsely punctured. 


Length .28-.30 inch. ‘ 

The upper surface is piceous black and shining, except the basal, sutural and lateral 
margins of the elytra, the lateral and apical margins of the thorax and the epistoma, which 
are ferruginous brown; the under surface and legs are similar in color, but paler. 

Occurs in Northern California and along the high regions of the Southern Sierras, 


under bark in fungus, 


THARSUS, Zee. 

Tharsus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 233. 

For the present this genus is retained as distinct, differimg however, by some slight 
characters which are at present considered valid. The mentum is here trapezoidal, not 
trilobed in front but rounded, the anterior angles are slightly inflexed and the middle flat, 
coarsely punctured, not prominent. ‘The last joint of the maxillary palpi is triangular, 
not securiform, The front tibia as in Metaclisa, are similar, and the epipleure short. ‘The 
hind tarsi are short, the first joint not equalling the second and third together. 

T. seditiosus, Lec., New Species, p. 122. 

Resembles a small Uloma. For a description the student is referred to the rather re- 
cent description of Dr, Leconte. 

Length .20-.24 inch. 


Rather abundant in the Gulf States. 


ULOMA, Cast. 

Uloma, Cast., Hist. Nat. Ins. Col. IT, 219. 

Easily distinguished from all our genera of the tribe, by its short epipleuree and di- 
lated, denticulate anterior tibiae. The mentum is variable, frequently trilobed in front, 
with the lateral lobes inflexed. 

Our species are numerous. From their mode of life some species have become widely 
diffused and almost cosmopolite. 

The following table will serve to aid in distinguishing our species : 

Lower edge of anterior femora feebly channeled along their entire length. 
Epistoma feebly emarginate or truncate. 
Last joint of antenn rounded at tip. 
Middle plate of mentum elongate oval; interstrial spaces 


of elytra entirely smooth. impressa. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. Swill 


Middle plate of mentum transversely oval; interstrial 


spaces of elytra densely punctulate. punctulata. 
Last joint of antenne oblique, pointed. imberbis. 
Epistoma deeply emarginate. longula. 


Lower edge of anterior femora with a broad fossa near the tip, and 


slightly emarginate. mentalis. 


The groove of the lower edge of the anterior femora differs but little in the first five 
species, and is limited anteriorly by a ridge extending from the base to the apex, so that 
the lower edge of the femur when viewed from the front is very nearly a straight line. In 
the last species however, the chaincl is replaced by a broad fossa rather deeper than the 
groove in the other species, defined anteriorly by a ridge, not extending to the base, which 
when viewed from the front appears emarginate near the apex of the femur. The remain- 


ing characters in the table are sufficiently plain to be readily recognised. 


U. impressa, Mels., Proc. Acad. 3, 64. 

Our largest species, and for a long time considered identical with the European euli- 
naris, from which it differs by its larger size and different sculpture of mentum (See Le- 
conte, New Species, p. 123). 

Length .46 inch. 

Occurs abundantly everywhere in the Eastern and Middle States, 

U. imberbis, Lec., New Species, p. 123. 

Similar in form and sculpture to the preceding, differing however, in the transverse 
middle plate of mentum and the form of the last joint of the antenne. 

Length .32-.36 inch. 


Occurs with the preceding, but less common, more abundant in the Southern States. 


U. mentalis, n. sp. 

Similar in form and sculpture to dmberbis, but differs in having a rather less robust 
form and a stouter thorax. The terminal joint of the antenne is rounded at tip, not 
oblique. ‘The anterior femur has near its apex a rather broad fossa replacing the entire 
groove of the other species. The edge does not extend from apex to base, and is not a 
straight line, but sinuous at the position of the fossa. ‘The middle plate of mentum is 
deeply concave, smooth and shining, with the edge somewhat thickened in the male (fe- 
male not seen). ‘The epistoma is more nearly truncate than any other‘of our species. 

Length .34 inch. 

‘Two specimens from Texas and Kansas. 

U. longula, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 353. 

More elongate and parallel. Epistoma deeply emarginate. Anterior femur grooved, 


372 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID OF AMERICA, 


edge entire and straight. Last joint of antenne rounded at tip. Strive feebly impressed, 
interstices flat, smooth. The form of mentum is more nearly allied to impressa, being 
scarcely broader than long, rather strongly punctured, and with a groove on each side, 
the lateral lobes are not distinct. 

Length .36—.42 inch. ; 

Occurs in Northern California. 

U. punetulata, Lee., New Species, p. 124; cava, Lee., (ibid). 

The two species above cited are united under the name most applicable to them. The 
differences of sculpture are but ight and vanish in the larger series now at my disposal. 
The form is elongate oval, sub-parallel, as in the last species, Its color is uniformly fer- 
ruginous. ‘The thorax usually parallel behind the middle. Epistoma very feebly emar- 
ginate. Last joint of antennie rounded at tip. Femora with entire groove. Interstrial 
spaces of elytra rather densely punctured and feebly convex. 

Length .28-.33 inch. 


‘Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. 


In the preceding short descriptions only the more important and peculiar characteris- 
tics of each species noted, ‘The species of Uloma have a remarkable resemblance to each 
other, and the continuous repetition of similar forms of expression has here, as elsewhere 


in this paper, been deemed altogether unnecessary. 


EUTOCHIA, Lec. 
Eutochia, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 288. 
Delopygus, Lec., New Species, p. 129. 
On renewed examination the differences between these two genera appear to be so 
slight as to warrant their union. ‘The epipleure of the elytra do not extend to the tip in 
either genus, and the very slight difference in degree of serration of the anterior tibiw is 


barely specific, and what might be expected to occur in species of different size, 


E. picea, Mels., (Uloma) Proc. Acad. 3, 64; Loc., (Eutochia) loc. cit. 
Black and shining, oval, convex, 
Length .33 inch. 


Occurs rather abundantly in the Middle States. 


E. crenata, Lec., (Delopyzus) New Species, 129. 

Smaller, more elongate and less convex than the preceding, brownish in color, with 
the sutural and lateral margins of elytra paler. 

Length .22 inch. 


Occurs in Texas. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 3738 


YRIBE XXV—HETEROTARSINI. 

Head not deeply inserted, eyes large, coarsely granulated. Antenne gradually thicker. 
Middle coxiwe with distinct trochantin. Tibial spurs small. Penultimate joint of tarsi 
more or less bilobed.  ‘Tarsi with coarse pubescence beneath. 

These few characters will serve to render the tribe easy of recognition and separation 
from any of the neighboring tribes. It appears more closely allied to the Tenebrionini 
than to the tribes immediately preceding or following. The tribe is a small one, and com- 
posed in our fauna of but three genera, easily known by the very coarse punctures with 
which they are ornamented, and may be distinguished as follows: 


Antenne very gradually thicker; epipleure entire but narrower at tip; 


body pubescent. ANUJEDUS. 
Antenne with the last three joints larger. 
Margin of thorax denticulate ; body pubescent. PARATENETUS. 
Margin of thorax not denticulate ; body glabrous. PRATAUS. 


ANAIDUS, Blanch. 

Anedus, Blanch., Hist. Nat. Ins. IT, p. 35. 

A. brunneus, Zieg., (Pandarus) Proc. Acad. 2, 45. 

The margin of thorax of this species is very distinct and reflexed, and the hind angles 
prominent. 

Length .22 inch. 

Abundant under bark, in the Middle States. 

A. rotundicollis, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, p. 150. 

The margin of thorax is very narrow, and the hind angles much less prominent than 
the preceding species. 

Length .17 inch. 

From the Desert of the Gila River of Arizona. 


PARATENETUS, Spinola. 
Paratenetus, Spinola, Monog. Glerites, Tip: Lis: 
P. punctatus, Solier, loc. cit., tab. 44, fig. 5. 
Thorax with sides rounded in front, gradually narrowing behind the middle. 
Length .42-.16 inch. 
Abundant in the Middle and Eastern States. 


P. fuscus, Lec., Agass. Lake Superior, p. 223. 
Differs from punctatus by smaller size, more robust form, more convex thorax and 
elytra, the latter shorter and more rounded on the sides. The sides of the thorax are 


>  AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XI1V.—94 


d74 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDJE OF AMERICA, 


strongly rounded from the front te the hind angles, which are also less distinct than in 
pionctarus, 
Length .O8-.10 inch. 
Occurs in Canala and the States bordering the Great Lakes, 
Tn Bull. Mosc. 1868, p. 192-3, Motschulsky has indicated two species from the South- 
ern States unknown to me. 
The following table gives the species named by him: 
Sides of thorax flve tocthed. 
Thorax and elytra unequally punctured. punctatus, Sol. 
Thorax and elytra equally punctured. Thorax cordate, hind angles prominent. cribratus, Motsch. 


Sides of thorax three toothed. 


Elytra gibbous, antennal mass concolorous. gibbipennis, Motsch. 


PRATAUS, Lec. 

Prateus, Lec., Class. Col. N. A., p. 238; New Species, p. 131. 

This genus has been removed from the association in which it was placed by Dr. Le- 
conte, as on renewed examination with fine specimens the penultimate joint of the tarsi is 
found to resemble that of the other genera of Heterotarsini, although less distinctly lobed. 
It may readily be known by the sub-quadrate thorax, not denticulate ; epipleurie broad at 
tip; body glabrous, strongly punctured, 

P. fusculus, Lec., loc. cit. 

Length .14 inch. 

Specimens are reported from New York and South Carolina; it probably occurs every- 


where in the Atlantic region, though rare. 


TRIBE XXVI—TRACHYSCELINI. 


Mentum small, supported by a distinct gular peduncle; ligula and manille exposed. 
Anterior coxie sub-transverse, middle cox with distinct trochantin. Tibi all more or 
less dilated and fossorial. ‘Tarsi short, spinous or setose beneath, 

This tribe is here composed of the same genera included in it by Lacordaire, their 
partition in two tribes appearing rather unnecessary and hardly warranted by the difter- 
ences exhibited. 

The following table will aid in distinguishing our genera: 

Antenne slender, longer than the head. PHALERIA. 
Antenne very short and clavate. 
Epistoma truncate. TRACHYSCELIS. 


Kpistoma deeply emarginate. ANAEMIA, 


we 
-t 
or 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 


PHALERIA, Latr. 

Phaleria, Latr., Hist. Nat. d. Crust. et. d. Ins. X, p. 300. 

The antenne of Phaleria though not absolutely slender, are so compared with those of 
the other two genera, the first six joints being obconical and longer than broad; the outer 
joints are usually more or less transverse and gradually broader. The epipleure are entire. 

The species known in our collections may be distinguished by the following table. 
published by Dr. Leconte (New Species, p. 125). 

Oval, finely punctulate species; antennie with the outer joints transverse ; 
(metasternum normal, body winged). 
Base of thorax finely margined., 
Elytra not wider than base of thorax. 
Margin of thorax and elytra with long hairs. 


Robust species; surface sub-opaque. 


Upper surface and legs testaceous. Ho tumdata. 

Body and legs black; margin of elytra testaceous. limbata. 

Depressed species ; color black, shining. pilifera: 

Margin without hairs; color variable. 
Sides of thorax converging from the base. testacea. 

Sides of thorax parallel behind the middle. longula. 

Elytra wider than base of thorax ; color black. picipes. 

Base of thorax not margined. debilis. 


Small, rounded, strongly punctured species; antenne with the outer joints 


not testaceous ; (metasternum short, body apterous). 


Convex, testaceous, with black elytral spots. globosa. 
Less convex, black, with red humeral spots. - humeralis. 


P. rotundata, Lec.. Ann. Lye. V, 148. 

The under surface of this species is occasionally black, the upper surface testaceous, 
and when examined under a high power the thorax is found to be finely punctured and 
alutaceous. The interstrial spaces of the elytra, especially those nearest the suture, are 
finely transversely wrinkled. 

Length .24 inch. 

Found on the sea coast of California. 


P. limbata, robust, sub-opaque, black, sides of thorax, margin and base of elytra dark testaceous. Thorax 
broader than long, convex, finely punctured, anteriorly emarginate, angles obtuse, sides rounded, base nearly trun- 
cate, angles obtuse. Elytra broadly oval, convex, strive distinct, interstices finely transversely wrinkled. Body be- 
neath black, legs piceous, coarsely punctured. Margin of thorax and elytra fringed with long hairs. 

Length .25 inch. 


Similar in form to the preceding, though rather more robust. ‘The surface above is 


Oo 
t 
or) 


REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


entirely black, excepting the margin and base of elytra and an irregular space nearer the 
wpical angle of the thorax, which are dark testaceous. The thorax above has four shght 


impressions, two basal and two on each side of the middle, the latter are probably acci- 


dental. The antennie and legs are piccous, : 
One specimen from San Francisco, . 


P. pilifera, Lec., New Species, p. 125. 

The thoracic and clytral margin are in this species frmged with hairs. It may be 
readily known from the preceding by its more clongate and depressed form and by its en- 
tirely black color, 

Length .28-.28 inch. 

From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. 

P. testacea, Say, Long’s Expedition 2, 280. 

‘The margin of the body is not fringed. The surface smooth and shining and testa- 
ccous in color. The elytra are sometimes ornamented with black spots. One specimen 
lias the dise of the elytra entirely black, with only a narrow space at base and on the 
margins, testaccons, 

Length .28-.30 inch. 


Rather abundant on the Eastern coast. 


P. longula, Lec., New Species, p. 125. 
Length .22 inch. 


From the Gulf coast, Mississippi Island. 


P. picipes, Say, Long’s Second Exp. MH, p. 280: Am. Ent. Ed. Lee., I, p. 185. 

Elongate oval, black, shining. Tlead finely and sparsely punctured. ‘Thorax broader 
than long, moderately convex, very feebly and sparsely punctured and with a short linear 
longitudinal basal Tmpression on cach side; anteriorly emarginate, angles obtuse ; sides 
feebly rounded, gradually narrowing to apex; base feebly sinuate, Elytra oval, moder- 
ately convex, wider at base than the thorax, with distinct striw deeper at apex ; interstices 
f-ebly punctnlate. Beneath shining, black. Antenne brownish, 

Length .22-.28 inch. 


From the southern and middle Atlantic coast. 


P. debilis, Lee., New Species, p. 126. 

Easily known by the pale color, single brown spot on each clytron, and by the absence 
of any marginal line at the base of the thorax. 

Length .20-.24 inch. 


Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. Biel 


P. globosa, Lec., Paci. R. R. R., App. 1, p. 51, pl. ii, fig. 4. 
This and the following species differ from those which precede, in so many characters, 


that the establishment of a distinct genus seems almost necessary. They are both broadly 
oval and convex, rather coarsely punctured; antenne longer than the head and thorax, 
slender and with the outer joints not transverse, meso- and metasternum short, and the 
elytra with the first stria parallel with the suture and no scutellar stria. 

P. globosa is entirely testaceous, with two black marks on each elytron, the front 
being Z1gzag, the hinder irregularly triangular, 

Length .12-.14 inch. 


From the sea coast in the neighborhood of San Francisco, 


P. humeralis, n. sp. ; 
Similar in form to the preceding, but less convex. The color is black, somewhat 


bronzed, with a red humeral spot on each elytron. 
Length .15 inch. 
California (locality unknown). 


P. picta, Mann., Bull, Mose. 1843, 277. Sitkha; is unknown to me in nature, 


TRACHYSCELIS, Laér. 
Trachyscelis, Latr., Gen. Crust. et Ins. TV, p. 379. 
The form of antenna at once distinguishes Trachyscelis from Phaleria, and the trun- 
cate epistoma from Anemia, In form the species resemble -Vgialia, 


T. flavipes, Mels., Proc. Acad. ITI, p. 61. 
The upper surface is black and shining, the elytra rather deeply striate and without 


scutellar stria. The under surface is paler and the legs yellowish, 
Length .12-.14 inch. 
From the southwestern Atlantic sea coast. 


ANEMIA, Cast. 

Anemia, Cast., Hist. Nat. Col. IT, p. 218. 

Head broad, deeply emarginate, sides rather broadly dilated. Eyes deeply emargi- 
nate, superior portion small, Mentum small, trapezoidal. Last joint of maxillary palpi 
elongate oval. 

Antenne short, robust, gradually thicker toward the tip, outer joints very transverse, 
last joint slightly longer than the preceding and rounded at tip. ‘Thorax very transverse. 
Elytra as broad as thorax, and with entire epipleure. Legs short, robust, tibiee all dilated, 

* outer apical angle of all prolonged. Body winged. 

T refer to Anzemia, an insect from California possessing all the characters assigned to 

the species of the Eastern Continent, with also a similarity of sculpture. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—95 


378 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


A. californica, oval, robust, piccous. Tead broad, moderately convex, very densely and rather coarsely 
punctured. Thorax transverse, nearly three times as broad as long, convex, densely and coarsely punctured and 
fringed with long yellowish hairs; anteriorly emarginate, angles not prominent; base rounded, angles obtuse; sides 
strongly rounded, slightly narrower behind than in front.  Elytra broadly oval, scareely longer than broad, not 
broader at base than the thorax; base feebly emarginate; sides fringed with long yellowish hairs; surface rather 
densely, coarsely and very irregularly punctured. Under surface of body with few scattered punctures. Prosternum 
and legs with Jong yellow hairs. Body winged. . : 

Leneth .16-.20 inch. 

As compared with the figure of A. sardoa, Gene, in Duval, pl. 70, fig. 350, our spe- 
cies is more robust, with a shorter thorax and with the sides much more strongly from the 
apex to base, the hind angles being very obtuse. The punctures are denser and coarser. 


Occurs in Owens’ Valley, Cal., and the adjacent regions of Nevada. 
J? ) a dD 


TRIBE XXVII—DIAPERINI. 


3ody usually oval or rounded, sometimes elongate (Iypophloeus). Eyes prominent, 
very feebly emarginate in front. Antenne always with the outer joints thicker and per- 
foliate. Mentum small, gular peduncle distinct. Anterior coxw sub-transverse ; middle 
coxie with distinct trochantin. Legs slender; spurs small; tarsi pubescent. 

This tribe may be distinguished from those which precede by the very convex eyes, 
more prominent than the sides of the front, and from the Bolitophagini by the gula not 
being transversely suleate. 

Our genera may be divided into the following groups: 


Diarerns. Body broadly oval; eyes distinctly emarginate in front; pygidium covered. 


First joint of hind tarsi not longer than the second. DIAPERIS. 
First joint of hind tarsi equal to second and third. HOPLOCEPHALA. 


First joint of hind tarsi longer than second and third. 
Fpipleure entire ; intercoxal process of abdomen acute. 
Mesosternum concave. 
Last joint of maxillary palpi broadly triangular, PLATYDEMA, 
Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate triangular, 
outer side much longer. ALPHITOPHAGUS. 
Mesosternum prominent. LIODEMA. 
Epipleure short ; intercoxal process of abdomen truncate, SCAPHIDEMA, 
Hyporutat. Body cylindrical; eyes distinctly emarginate in front; py- 
gidium exposed. 
(One genus in this group). HYPOPHLQUS. 
PenrarnyLit. Body elongate oval; eyes not emarginate in front; py- 
gidium covered, 


Last five joints of antenne forming a loose club. PENTAPHYLLUS. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 379 


DIAPERIS, Geoff. 

Diaperis, Geoff., Ins. d. Envir. d. Paris, I, p. 337. 

Two species of this well known genus occur in our fauna. 

D. hydni, Fab., El. 2, 585; Lap. Ann. Se. Nat. 23, 335; maculata, Oliv., Ene. Meth. 6, 273. 

This species is remarkably uniform in its system of elytral coloration. The elytra are 
orange color, with a sutural black stripe, not reaching the scutellum, becoming irregularly 
wider toward the apex; a small black spot at the anterior third, not very distant from the 
suture, and another smaller, near the margin; a large irregular spot beginning at the 
margin behind the middle, extending toward the suture without attaining it, and becom- 
ing irregularly narrower, ‘The head between the eyes is rufous. “The legs entirely black. 

Length .24 inch. 

Abundant in the Middle and Eastern States, under bark or in fungi. 


D. rufipes, oval, convex, shining; nead entirely rufous; antenne black except the three basal joints, which are 
rufous; thorax black, shining, finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra with distinct stria of moderate punctures, in- 
terstices finely but very sparsely punctured; color black, with a basal and median transverse irregular band of orange, 
and an oval apical spot of the same color on each elytron; epiplearwe black except base. The legs are brownish, ex- 
cepting the anterior femora and coxw, which are pale orange. 

Length .25 inch. 

Found in Arizona, at Camp Grant, under Cottonwood bark. 

The differences between this species and the European D. boleti, when viewed from 
above, are very slight, the system of coloration is identical, the differences being in the 
entirely rufous head and the pale legs, and by the interstices between the elytral striz 
being much more sparsely punctured. ‘The eyes are more closely approximate and the 


frontal region of the head narrower in our species, 


HOPLOCEPHALA, Cast. eé Brullé. 


Z| 


C 


Hoplocephala, Cast. et Brullé, Ann. d. Se. Nat. 23, p. 335 
Arrhenoplita, Kirby, Fauna Aim. Bor., p. 235. 

This genus differs from Diaperis in having the first Joint of the hind tarsi longer than 
the second; and from the genera which follow, by the same joint being less than the two 
following together. The epipleure are abbreviated. 

Our species are four in number, of which two only are known to American entomolo- 
gists. 


Flead of male with two horns. 


Thorax red, elytra green or blue, with metallic lustre. Vi tid pen W139). 
Thorax and elytra similar in color. 
(Color blue; length 4 lines, chalybea), 
Color green; length 13 lines. bicoxrniss 


Head of male simply tuberculate. 
(Thorax ferruginous, elytra black. collaris') 


380 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.Z OF AMERICA, 


Il. viridipennis, Fab., (Diaperis) Syst. El. II, 586, 4; Cast. et Brullé, (Oplocephala) Ann. d. Sc. Nat. 23, 340. 
In this species and the following, the head of the female is entirely devoid of tubercles. 
Length .10-.14 inch. 


Il. bicornis, Oliv., (Diaperis) Ent. 3, 55; Ene. Meth. 6, 273; Kirby, (Avrhenoplita) Fauna Bor. Am. 285; 
rescens, Cast. et Brullé, (Hoplocephala) loc. cit. p. 341; bicornis, Fab., (Hispa) Mant. p. 215. - 

‘This species differs from the preceding in having the whole surface bluish green, The 
thorax oceasionally becomes brownish. 

Length .10-.14 inch. 

This and the preceding species are found rather abundantly over our entire country, 


living in fungi. 
Il. chalybea, Cast. et Brullé, Ann. Sc. Nat. 28, p. 341. 
* Elongate, punctured, shining, bluish green; head of male with two vertical horns, 
female tuberculate ; elytra moderately striate; body beneath blackish ; legs brownish. 
Length 4 lines, width 14 lines, 
From the neighborhood of Philadelphia.” 


Unknown to us. Probably not North American. 


H. collaris, Cast. et Brullé, loc. cit. p. 347. 

“Flongate, punctured, shining, dark ferruginous; head at middle bituberculate, mouth 
and antenne brownish; thorax reddish brown, scutellum red; elytra faintly striate, black ; 
with the base, humeri and anterior portion of suture brownish; legs pale ferruginous, 

Length 24 lines, width 14 lines, 

From the neighborhood of Philadelphia.” 


Unknown to us. 


PLATYDEMA, Cast. et Bruilé. 

Platydema, Cast. et Brnllé, Ann. Se, Nat. 23, p. 350. 

First joint of hind tarsi longer than the two following joints; epipleure entire; me- 
sosternum concave; last joint of maxillary palpi broadly triangular, with the inner and 
outer sides nearly equal; intercoxal process of abdomen triangular, acute. 

‘These characters will serve to distinguish this genus from all those before mentioned 
and those which follow. 

Our species are numerous and may be distinguished by the following table : 

Head tuberculate or horned; front concave, 


Polished or shining species, 


Black, broadly oval. excavatum., 
Blue, more elongate. cyanesc¢ens. 


Opaque species, erythrocert m . 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 381 


Head neither tuberculate nor horned, 
Thorax rufous, elytra black. Tad cadlies 
Thorax and elytra black. 
Surface opaque. 
Elytra without red spots. 
Antenne pale. ruULGOTIEe. 
Antenne black, three basal joints pale. flavipes. 
Antenne black, three basal pale, terminal ferru- 
ginous, Janus, 
Elytra with an oblique red spot on each. ellipti¢e um. 
Surface shining black. 
Prosternum horizontal, apex prominent. 
Head with distinct transverse groove and frontal 
impression. 
Frontal impression rather deep; species broader. oregonense, 
Frontal impression faint; species less rounded. americanum, 
Head without transverse impression. 
Thorax yery sparsely punctured; surface less 
shining. laevipes. 
Thorax densely punctured; species small, 
shining, black. micans. 
Prosternum conyex between the cox ; apex deflexed 
and obtuse. 
Smaller species, black, with an eneous tinge, picilabrum. 
more elongate, 


Larger species, black, more broadly oval. subcostatum., 


P. excavatum, Say, (Diaperis) Journ. Acad. 3, 267. 

A very abundant species over the entire district East of the Rocky Mountains; easily 
recognisable by the black color, shining surface and corniculate head. Specimens occur 
in the Western States of rather more elongate form and less deeply striate elytra. 

Length .18-.21 inch. 

P. cyanescens, Lap. et Brullé, Ann. Se. Nat. XXIII, p. 356. 

Differs from the preceding, in its more elongate form, less rounded sides and by its 
blue color. 

Length .18 inch. 

Occurs in the Gulf States. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV.—96 


382 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


P. erythrocerum, Lap. et. Brullé, loc. cit., p. 3855 
Broadly oval, opaque, under surface and antenne brownish, 
Length .15 inch. 


Occurs in the Gulf States. 


P. ruficolle, Lap. et Brullé, loz. cit., p. 875; sanguinicolle, Mels., Proc, Acad. 3, 61. 

A small oval sub-opaqne species with a rufous thorax, and black elytra with apices 
paler; the body beneath, legs and antenne brownish ferruginous, the latter being paler. 

Length .20 inch. 

Middle States, rare. 


P. ruficorne, Sturm. (Diaperis) Catal. ed. 1826, p. 68, tab. 3, fig. 21. rufiventre, Lap. et Brullé, (Plat.) p. 378; 
anale, Uald., J. Ac. Ser. IT, Vol. I, p. 101; rufa, Mels., (Neomida) Proc. Acad. 3, 61. ? pallens, Lap. et Br., loc. cit. 

Very broadly oval, opaque black, under surface and legs dark testaccous, antennie en- 
tirely pale. P. rufa, Mels., is but an immature specimen, as is probably the pallens of 
Lap. and Brulle. 

Length .16-.22 inch. 

A species of wide distribution. 

P. flavipes, Fab., (Mycetophagus) Syst. El. II, 567, 11; Lap. et Brullé, loc. cit. 588; basale, Hald., J. Acad. 
Ser. II, Vol. I, p. 101. 

Similar to the preceding species, but more elongate, and with the antenne black ex- 
cept the three basal joints, which are testaceous. The thorax is very feebly and sparsely 
punctured at middle, while at the sides the punctures are not only denser but coarser, dif- 
fering in this respect from the preceding species, in which the thorax is scarcely more 
punctured toward the margin than at the middle. The under side of the body and legs 
are pale brownish. 

Length .16-.20 inch, 


Middle and Southern States. 


P. janus, Fab., (Mycetoph.) Syst. El. IT, 566, 4; Lap. et Brullé, loc. cit., p. 872; Zimmerman msept. 

At the suggestion of the manuscript of the late Dr. Zimmerman, I refer to this species 
our largest opaque black species, heretofore considerd flavipes. ‘The description of the 
latter corresponds exactly with that described by Haldeman some years after as basale, 
Janus differs from flavipes in having the terminal joint of the antenne ferruginous, and 
by the thorax being regularly, sparsely and finely punctured. The under surface and legs 
are pale ferruginous. 

Length .24-.50 inch. 

From the Souther States, California, Arizona, and New Mexico. The types were 
from Peru. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 383 


P. ellipticum, Fab., (Mycet.) Syst. El. IT, 566, 3; (Tenebrio) supplement, 19, 15; (Platydema) Lap. et Brullé, 
loc. cit. 380. 


The body, antennee and legs are entirely black, and the elytra have an oblique red 
spot from the humerus backward and inward toward the suture. The margins of the spot 
are irregular, 

Length .22-.30 inch. 


Abundant in the Southern States, rarely found in Pennsylvania. 


P. oregonense, Lec., Pacif. R. R. Rep. IX, App. I, p. 51. 

This species is very closely allied to the following, and it is doubtful whether they 
should be retained as distinct. The only differences being in the rather rounder form 
and deeper frontal impression of this species. Should these two prove to be identical, its 
distribution would prove nearly as extended in the Northern regions as janus in the 
Southern. Oregonese is always brownish in color, never black; the antenne are pale; 
the prosternum horizontal, tip acute and prominent. 

Length .20—.26 inch. 

Distributed from Oregon to Fort Tejon, Cal. 


P. americanum, Lap. et Brullé, loc. eit. 358. 

This species has heretofore borne the name of swhcostatuwm, Lap., in our collections, 
and has been so distributed. The differences between it and oregonense have already 
been adverted to. 

Length .20-.26 inch. 

Abundant in the Northern States and Canada. 


P. levipes, Hald., J. Acad., Series II, Vol. 1, p. 101. 

Differs from both the preceding, in having the front convex, without any transverse or 
intra-ocular impression. ‘The prosternum is likewise prominent and horizontal. The sur- 
face is less shining than either of the preceding, and while the thorax and head are black 
the elytra are brownish. The antenni are pale brown and the legs ferruginous. 

Length .20-.26 inch. 

Middle and Southern States. 

P. micans, Zimmerman msept. 

* Broadly oval, of the form of ruficolle, black, very shining, with a blackish submetal- 
lic lustre to the elytra, with the sides toward the apex brownish; antenni, palpi and legs 
reddish brown; head rather densely and coarsely punctured, thorax rather densely but 
less coarsely punctured, with two feeble impressions along the basal margin; elytra with 
stile of rather large punctures, with the interstices rather densely and finely punctured ; 
beneath with moderately large punctures.” 

Length .12 inch. 

South Carolina, Dr. Chas. Zimmerman, 


384 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDE OF AMERICA, 


This species resembles in size, color, form and general appearance the female of exca- 
ratum, Say, though readily distinguishable by the absence of horns or tubercles. ‘The 
scutellar stria is almost totally obliterated and replaced by a single larger and many small 
irregularly placed punctures. ‘The prosternum is horizontal, acute and produced behind, 
and rather more deeply received in the mesosternum than usual. 

‘The above description and the substance of the remarks are drawn from the manu- 
script of the late Dr. Zimmerman, of Columbia, South Carolina, It is greatly to be re- 
gretted that these were not published in full at the date of their origin, as many valuable 
suggestions are found, now unfortunately for him forestalled by later students. ‘That Dr. 
Zimmerman, even with a limited cabinet and library, was fully equal to and in many re- 


spects in advance of his cotemporarics, there can be no doubt. 


P. picilabrum, Mels., Proc. Acad. 3, 61. 

This species and the next have the prosternum between the cox very convex, and 
the apex depressed, obtuse and not prominent. In both the labrum is testaceous and the 
antennie and legs ferruginous. This species has more deeply striate elytra with an ieneous 
tinge, the form is also more slender and parallel. 

Length .20 inch. 

Eastern, Middle and Western States. 


P. subcostatum, Lap. et Brullé, loc. cit. p. 362; elypeatum, Hald., Journ. Acad., Ser. IT, Vol. 1, p. 101. 

One of our largest and most abundant species in the Eastern and Middle States. Easily 
known by the characters given in the table. ‘The species has been considered americanum, 
but the possession of an authentically determined specimen of the present species has 
enabled me to determine the identity of Haldeman’s species, as well as fix the value of 
those otherwise labelled. 


Length .22-.26 inch, 


Unknown species. 

P. politum, Lap. et Brullé, loc. cit. p. 361. 

From the description this species does not differ from some specimens of americanum, 
now before me. 

Length 3.5 lines, breadth 2 lines, 

From Philadelphia. 

P. pallens, Lap. et Brullé, loc. cit. p. 577. 

Probably an immature form of ruficorne or possibly of janus. 

Length 3, breadth 2 lines. 


From North and South America. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 385 


P. cyanea, Lap. et Brullé, loc. cit. p. 392. 

From the description it is fairly inferable that this species is but the female of one be- 
longing to the group in which the head of male is corniculate. It and the two preceding 
species are, however, not known to me, and the matter is left with the few suggestions to 
future students. 

Length 2, breadth 1 line. 


From North America. 


ALPHITOPHAGUS, Steph. 
Alphitophagus, Steph., Hlust. of Brit. Ent. V, p. 12. 
A genus easily recognisable in the form of the second and last joints of the palpi. The 
epipleuree are entire, the prosternum not produced, the first joint of the hind tarsi equal 
to the second and third together, but shorter than the last. 


A. bifasciatus, Say, (Diaperis) Journ. Acad. ITI, 268, 1823; quadripustulatus, Steph., loc. cit., pl. 24, fig. 1 


1832. 


Easily known from all our species of Diaperini, by the small size, elongate oval form 
and system of coloration, ‘The general color is reddish brown, the elytra being darker, 
The latter have two yellow bands on each, one near the humerus and slightly oblique, 
another behind the middle and transverse, not reaching the suture, and an elongate oval 
spot near the apex, 

“'The males are remarkable in the curious structure of the head. The epistoma is 
deeply and bisinuately impressed along its posterior border, slightly impressed in the mid- 
dle and elevated on each side; the front has also three deep grooves forming two longitu- 
dinal ridges, well marked and terminating between the eyes. They are also smaller than 


the females.”—( Duval). 


Length .08-.10 inch. 
Not rare in the Middle States and Dist. Columbia. Occasionally found in colonies of 


twenty or more. As this insect is very rare in Europe, it has probably been introduced. 


LIODEMA, Zimm. 

Liodema, Zimm., MS. Tenebrionide. 

Closely allied to Platydema, but differs in having the mesosternum prominent and not 
emarginate. Prosternum convex between the cox, apex deflexed and received, when 
the thorax is depressed, beneath the mesosternum, ‘The rest as in Platydema. 

L. leve, Hald., (Platydema) Journ. Acad., Ser. I, Vol. 1, p. 101 (Liodema) Zimm. MSS. No. 3259. 

Oval, convex, smooth, moderately shining; color piceous black, with the apex of elytra 


paler, beneath reddish brown; mouth, antenne and legs reddish yellow; head and thorax 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. XIV. 


97 


386 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 
regularly convex, with very fine sparsely placed punctures; epistoma and margins of 
elytra with faint strie of very fine punctures; body beneath smooth, 


thorax brownish; 
shining, very sparsely punctured. 
Length .16 inch. 

North Carolina, Dr. Chas, Zimmerman. 


SCAPHIDEMA, Rede. 


Seaphidema, Redt., Fauna Austr. ed. 1, p. 591. 


Nelites, Lec., Agass. Lake Super., p. 282. 
This genus may be distinguished from Platydema by its truncate intercoxal process 
and short epipleure. ‘The mesosternum is less prominent, less deeply excavated than any 
The thorax is narrower at base than the elytra, the 


of the genera except Alphitophagus. 
sides not rounded except in front, and gradually wider from apex to base. 


304, 


S. eneolum, Lee., (Nelites) loe. cit.; Lac., (Scaph.) Genera V, p. 
As compared with the European species, this one is more elongate, less rounded and 


with a narrower thorax. 
Length .14-.18 inch, 
From the Lake Superior region. 
HYPOPHLCQUS, Fab. 
and rather broader tibie. 


Hypophleus, Fab. in Schneid. N. Mag. Ent., p. 24. 
Easily known by its sub-cylindrical form, thicker antennie 


‘The epipleurae are short. 
Three species represent this genus in our fauna. 
Thorax regularly convex. 
Thorax emarginate in front; angles distinct. parallelus. 
Thorax truncate in front; angles obtuse. thoracicus, 
Thorax depressed, with a broad longitudinal excavation. 
cavus. 


Thorax truncate in front; angles obtuse, 


H. parallelus, Mels., Proe. Acad. 3, 63. 
Rufous, parallel, ‘Thorax emarginate in front. 
Occurs from Canada (Pettit) to Arizona. 
H. thoracicus, Mels, Proc. Acad. 3, 63. 

brown or black, ‘fhorax anteriorly truncate, 


Head and thorax rufous, elytra dark 


angles obtuse. 
Occurs from Canada to Georgia, 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 38 


H. cavus, Lec., New Species, p. 129. 

Head and thorax rufous, elytra blackish, with long hairs. Abundantly distinct in the 
broad thoracic groove. 

Length .15 inch. 

Occurs in Kentucky. 


PENTAPHYLLUS, Latr. 

Pentaphyllus, Latr., Regne Animale ed. 2, p. 30. 

P. pallidus, Lec., New Species, p. 126. 

“Belongs to the same division as the European P. testaceus, having the epistoma 
broadly rounded, and the anterior tibia not dilated; it differs in having the body be- 
neath testaceous.” The color of the body is entirely testaceous above and beneath, 

Length .10 inch. 

Abundant in Canada West; collected by Mr, Johnson Pettit. 

Pe calrforniciusjn. sp. 

Similar to pallidus in form, color and sculpture, differing in being more depressed and 
with the centres of the first two abdominal segments brown, almost black. 

Length .09 inch. 

Fort Crook, Cal. 

Since the publication of the description of the preceding species, I have been enabled 
to examine a large series of specimens, through the kindness of Mr. Pettit of Grimsby, 
Ontario. ‘The males of pallidus are very distinctly bituberculate on the front between the 
eyes, and are usually larger than their females. ‘The head of the female is very convex in 
pallidus, but in californicus there is an increase of the convexity in the place of the tuber- 
cles of the male. The unique in the cabinet of Dr, Leconte at the time of the descrip- 
tion of pallidus was a female, hence the failure to note the above character, which will 
serve additionally to separate our species from the European. From the figure given by 
Duval, P. festacews is much more acute behind than either of our species, which are very 


obtuse and alike in both sexes. 


TRIBE XXVIII—BOLITOPHAGINI. 


Last joimt of palpi not securiform. Head short, deeply inserted. Epistoma semi- 
circular in front. Antenne partly received, in repose, in a transverse gular groove 
between the eyes. Outer joints of antenne perfoliate, rarely pectinate. Scutellum dis- 
tinct. Anterior cox sub-cylindrical. Tibia simple, spurs small or absent. ‘Tarsi short, 
feebly pubescent beneath, usually compressed, with the first joint usually very small, last 


joint long 


388 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


Our genera are four in number, as follows: 
Sides of head in front of eyes prominent. 
Eyes partially divided; antenne ten-jointed. BOLITOTHERUS. 
Eyes entirely divided; antenne eleven-jointed. . BOLITOPHAGUS. 
Sides of head in front of eyes not prominent. 


Fyes distinctly emarginate; thorax margined; margin 


crenulate. ELEDONA, 
Eyes not emarginate ; thorax not margined. RHIPIDANDRUS. 


BOLITOTHERUS, Candeze. 
Bolitotherus, Candeze. 
Phellidius, Lee., Class. Col. N. A., p. 256. 


B. cornutus, Fab., (Boletophagus) Syst. El. 1, p. 112; Panzer, (Opatrum) Fauna Amer. Bor. Prodrom., pl. 1, 
fig, Sand 6, % and 9; bifurcum, Fab., (Opatrum) Ent. Syst. Supp. 40, I. 


This insect is easily known. ‘The males have two horns, shghtly curved and broader 
at tip, projecting forward from the thorax. The anterior margin of epistoma has a very 
short horn, bifid at tip. 

Length .40-.45 inch. 

Occurs abundantly everywhere in the middle belt of States. 

This species appears to be in an unfortunate condition im its synonymy. It appears 
to have been originally described by Fabricius as Opatrum bifurewmn (Ent. Syst. Supp. 
49, 1), subsequently by Panzer as O. cornutium (Prod. loc. cit.) All subsequent authors 
appear to have adopted for our insect the name of Fabricius, Trow cormutus, (int. p. 88) 
and repeated verbatim in his Syst. Eleut. I, p. 112, referring to an insect from Ceylon, 
In Syst. ELT, pp. 112 and 113, Fabricius adopts the name of Bolitophagus, and changes 
Without any reason the specific name bifurcus to cornutus, and refers the insect to Caro- 
lina. In a notice of some coleopterous larve (1861, p. 43), Candeze at the suggestion of 
Lacordaire, establishes the genus Bolitotherus and adopts the specific name cormutus, re- 
ferring to Syst. EL p. 112, on which are two species of’ this name, and although stating 
that the perfect insect is well known, Candeze does not state whence it comes. ‘To render 
the matter still more confused, Harold (Cat. p. 1945) refers Opatrim bifurcum, Pz, (cor- 
nutum, Fab.,) to Bolitophagus, and the Trox cornutus, Fab., of Ceylon, to Bolitotherus, 
The whole truth is that our large species is a Bolitotherus, whether the specific name be 
hifurcus or cornutus, It is to be desired that this confusion may be rectified. From my 
own study I am inclined to adopt the synonymy as given by Harold (Catal. 1944 and 5), 
with the removal of the B. bifureus, Fab., (cornmutus, Panz.,) from Bolitophagus to Bolito- 
therus. Such a change compels us to drop a very well known specific name, adopting 


another.almost entirely lost sight of: 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 389 


BOLITOPHAGUS, Illiger. 

Bolitophagus, liger, Die Keefer Preuss., p. 100. 

Eyes entirely divided, sides of head prominent. Antenne eleven-jointed, 

B. corticola, Say, Journ. Acad. V, 238. 

The margin of thorax is strongly crenulate and deeply notched in front of the hind 
angles. The surface is covered with numerous tubercles and the elytra ornamented with 
widely interrupted elevated ridges, 

Length .33 inch. 

Occurs in the Middle and Eastern States. 

B. depressus, Randall, (Eledona) Bost. Journ. II, 21; tefraopes, Newman, (Bolet.) Ent. Mag. V, 378. 

Differs from the preceding, in having the thorax simply coarsely punctured, with the 
sides regularly rounded and margin scarcely crenulate. ‘The elytra are finely costate, the 
interstices having a single row of coarse punctures. 

Length .20-.30 inch. 


Middle anl Eastern States and Canada. 


ELEDONA, Zatr. 

Eledona, Latr., Precis d. car. gen. d. Ins., p. 19. 

Differs from the preceding genera, in not having the sides of the head prominent in 
front of the eyes. The eyes are about half divided. Front rounded, not prominent at 
middle. Antenne clavate and compressed. ‘Thorax distinctly margined, margin finely 
crenulate. 

E. fungicola, brown, opaque, oval, sub-cylindrical. Tfead densely and coarsely punctured. Thorax broader 
than long, very rugosely punctured, convex, anteriorly feebly emarginate, base bisinuate, sides feebly rounded, grad- 
ually wider behind. Elytra convex, broadly rounded at apex, base feebly emarginate, surface finely costulate, inter- 


stices with a single row of coarse punctures. Beneath dark brown, coarsely punctured, antennz and legs paler. 
Length .14 inch. 


Middle States. Closely resembling E, agaricicola of Europe. 

This insect has been associated in collections with the next as its female, the differ- 
ences appear to me to warrant its separation as a species of this genus. ‘The characters 
are all those of Eledona. 


RHIPIDANDRUS, Lec. 
Rhipidandrus, Lee., Class. Col. N. A., 286. 
thipidandrus differs from Eledona in having the eyes larger, more convex, more 
coarsely granulated, and not emarginate by the sides of the front. The front is narrow, 
epistoma rather prominent, and truncate at middle. The antenne are pectinate from the 
fifth to last joints, the fifth joint with a shorter branch than those which follow. The 
thorax is without flattened and crenulate margin. 


AMERI. PHILOSO, SOO.— VOL, XI1V.—98 


390 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


R. flabellicornis, Sturm, (Xyletinns) Cat. 1826, p. 59, pl. 1, fig. 7. 

I have before me ten specimens of this isect, and find them all agreeing with the 
characters of the genus as defined by Dr. Leconte, and showing no differences among them- 
selves in the formation of their antenne. The species is similar in sculpture to the 
Eledona before described. The antennze and legs are pale reddish brown. 

Length .10 inch. 

Middle and Western States and Canada West (Pettit). 


May not this genus be allied to the Eutomides, lately referred to this family ? 


TRIBE XXIX—APOCRYPHINI. 

Body slender, apterous ; head not constricted behind ; labrum prominent, clypeal mem- 
brane distinctly visible; eyes small, emarginate, coarsely eranulated ; mentum small; last 
joint of maxillary palpi strongly securiform ; antennie cleven-jointed, slender, scarcely 
thicker externally; prothorax globose, marginal ridge rounded or wanting; trunk pedun- 
culated; elytra embracing widely the flanks of abdomen; epipleuree narrow; middle coxe 
without trochantin ; hind coxie small, widely separated; legs long, femora clavate; tibiee 
slender, spurs small; tarsi pubescent with long hairs ; hind margins of third and fourth 
ventral seements coriaceous, 

The last character alone serves to remove this tribe from the association in which it 


was placed by Dr. Leconte, to the place assigned it by Lacordaire, preferring, however, 


fo) 


to retain it as a distinct tribe. 


APOCRYPHA, sch. 

Apoerypha, Esch., Zool. Atl. LV, p. 13. 

Our species, three in number, all small, are found in California, under chips, ete., 
in very dry places ; they are very agile and difficult to capture. 

A. anthicoides, Esch., loc. cit., pl. 18, fig. 7. 

‘Thorax globoso-oval, broader than long; broader in front of middle, sides strongly 
rounded and gradually narrower toward apex. Surface rather coarsely but sparsely punc- 
tured, and very sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. * Color brownish testaceous, elytra 
blackish, base broadly brownish testaceous, Beneath colored as above, legs paler, 

Length .11 inch. 

San Francisco and Tejon, Cal. 

A. dyschirioides, Lec., Ann. Lyc. VY, 1387. 

Smaller than the preceding. Head and elytra dark brown or black, thorax rufous, 
shining. Thorax longer than broad, sides nearly straight in front, gradually widening 
beyond the middle, then rapidly narrowing. Under surface blackish, feet rufous. 

Length .08-.10 inch. 


Found with the preceding. 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 391 


A. clivinoides, brownish testaceous, sub-opaque. Thorax more densely punctured and more densely pilose, 


broader than lone. 


S> 


sub-globose, slightly depressed, sides moderately rounded from apex to base; base rounded. Elytra 
elongate oval, sub-depressed, sides feebly rounded, apex obtuse, surface moderately coarsely punctured and sparsely 
clothed with short yellowish recumbent hairs. Beneath testaceous, rather densely and coarsely punctured and sparsely 
pilose. 

Length .14 inch. 

Owens’ Valley, California, rare. 

Differs from both the preceding species, by its color, more depressed form, and by the 
shape of the thorax. In this species the sides are gradually rounded from the apex to 
base, and the base is not prolonged as in the other species, and is comparatively broader. 


The elytra are less convex, more elongate, sides less rounded, and apex less acute. 


TRIBE XXX—HELOPINI. 


Labrum prominent, clypeal membrane always visible; last joint of palpi securiform; 
head usually more or less prolonged behind the eyes; antennie with the outer joints flat- 
tened sub-triangular ; last joint usually longer than the preceding; elytra feebly embracing 
the body; epipleure entire; legs usually long; anterior coxe globular; tibial spurs fre- 


quently very small; tarsi densely pubescent beneath, the anterior and often the middle 
dilated in the males; itercoxal process broad or oval, never acute at tip; body either 


apterous or winged. 


HELOPS, Fab. 
Helops, Fab., Ent. Syst., p. 357. 
One genus represents this tribe in our fauna. Our species are numerous and may be 
divided in the following manner : 


Group 1—Alate Species. _ 
Thorax sub-quadrate, sides feebly rounded; apex (except in dmpolitus) emarginate; angles all prominent. 
Thorax emarginate at apex; elytra sub-metallic; shining. 
Sides of thorax not undulated; elytra finely striate, interstices finely and sparsely 
punctured. micans. 
Sides of thorax undulated; elytral strie deeper. undulatus, 
Sides of thorax not undulated; elytral strie deep; interstices convex, almost en- 
tirely impunctured. venustus. 
Thorax truncate in front; angles rectangular; surface sub-opaque; elytra with rows of 
elongate punctures. impolitus, 
Thorax usually broader than long; sides moderately rounded; apex truncate or rounded, 
with obtuse angles, 
Antenne with the outer joints compressed and sub-triangular, (Black, sub-opaque, 
California species. ) 
Thorax narrowed at base. opacus. 
punctipennis. 
Thorax wider at base, rugulosus. 


Antenne slender, outer joints not compressed. 


392 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDE OF AMERICA, 


Thorax obtusely margined. 
Brownish; last joint of antennz shorter. 
Brownish; last joint of antenne longer than tenth. 
Thorax acutely margined. 
Margin narrow. 
Propleure finely longitudinally wrinkled. 


Propleure coarsely and irregularly wrinkled, 


Thorax broadest at middle. 
Thorax broadest at base. 
Group 1—Apterous Species. 
Antenne short, robust, outer joints compressed. 
Antenne longer than head and thorax, 
Sides of thorax rounded. 
Apex of thorax truncate. 
Thorax broader than lone, 


Hind angles obtuse or rounded, 


angustus. 


gracilis. 
ealifornicus. 
edwardsii. 


pernitens. 


latrs. 


rugicollis. 


Terminal joints of antenna sub-eylindrical, last joint long; interstrial 


spaces with rounded tubercles, distinct at least at apex. 


bachei. 


Terminal joints of antenne sub-triangular, last joint short oval; inter- 


strial spaces flat. 
Ilind angles nearly rectangular, 
Elytra with strive of fine punctures. 
Propleure grooved. 
Proplenure coarsely punctured. 
Last joint of antenne longer than tenth. 
Last joint of antenne shorter than tenth. 
Elytra deeply striate. 
Thorax longer than broad. 
Form slender; joints four to eleven of antennw sub-equal. 
Apex of thorax emarginate; angles prominent. 
Form broadly oval: elytra deeply striate. 
Sides of thorax sub-angulate in front of middle. 


Apex truncate; antennie slender; form broadly oval. 


econvexulus. 


ereus. 
cisteloides. 
diseretus. 
suicipennis. 
attenuatus, 


Pye Cus: 


tumescens. 


II. micans, Fab., Syst. El. 1, 157; edttatus, Oliv., 3, 4; teniatus, Beauv. Ins., p. 121, pl. 80, fie. 4. 

Our largest Eastern species. ‘Thorax emarginate in front, angles distinct, broader 
than long, somewhat broader at base, sides feebly sinuate. Antenne slender, outer joints 
feebly compressed ; last three joints smaller and gradually decreasing. Elytra faintly 
striate, shining with indistinct metallic stripes. Propleurze coarsely and confluently pune- 
tured. Apex of last ventral segment with a broad hairy depression; in the females the 
depression is longitudinal and smaller, 

Length .50-.70 inch. 

A species of wide distribution. 

HW. undulatus, Lee,, New Species, p, 132. 


Similar to the preceding. Differs in the undulate sides of thorax and the absence of 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 393 


any depressiot. in the last abdominal segment. ‘The terminal joints of the antenne are 
less compressed and not shorter. The antenne, as in most of the species of the genus, 
are shorter in the female. 


Length .46-.53 inch. 


Southern States. 


H. venustus, Say, Long’s Exped. 2, 283. 

Smaller than either of the preceding. The sides of the thorax are nearly straight, the 
propleure coarsely but not confluently punctured, and the elytra deeply striate, with con- 
vex interstices. Antenne slender and as in wadulatus, 

Length .36-.38 inch. \ 

Not abundant in the Middle and Southern States. 

H. impolitus, Lec., New Species, 132. 

Thorax nearly square, sides nearly straight, apex very feebly emarginate. Elytra with 
striz of coarse punctures. Color black, slightly bronzed, sub-opaque. Antenne slender. 
Propleure rugosely punctured, punctures behind confluent in grooves. Last segment of 
abdomen concave and hairy at apex. 

Length .50 inch, . 


Texas. One male in my own cabinet, and a female in that of Mr. Ulke. 


H. opacus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1859, 234. 

Thorax truncate in front, angles rounded; base almost truncate, angles rectangular ; 
sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate and converging behind; surface opaque black, 
rugosely punctured, Three terminal joints of antennae shorter, compressed, broader than 
long. Propleure coarsely and rugesely punctured. ‘Two forms of this species occur, one 
apterous, the other winged. In the apterous form the thorax is more convex, the elytra 
more robust, convex and shorter. The winged species has the elytra depressed, more 
elongate and less rounded on the sides; the thorax is also less convex, rather broader and 
with less rounded sides. I am unwilling at present to assign a distinct name to the latter 
form, desiring a further accumulation of specimens. 

Length .52-.70 inch, 

From San Francisco, Cal. 


H. punctipennis, Lec., New Species, 135. 

Similar in form to the preceding, but more depressed and smaller. ‘Thorax slightly 
broader than long; disc densely but not rugosely punctured, sides rounded in front, 
slightly sinnate behind, base truncate, angles slightly acute, more prominent in any other 
of our species. The elytra are depressed, slightly broader behind, moderately striate, 


AMERI. PHILOSO. S0C.—VOL. XIV.—99 


394 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA® OF AMERICA, 


interstices densely punctured and slightly rugose. Antenne long, with the outer joints 
compressed, very gradually shorter. 

Length .36 inch. 

California. 

H. rugulosus, Lec., Ann. Lye. V, 151. 

A large sub-opaque black species, differing from all our other alate species in having 
the outer joints of the antennee compressed and shorter, and the thorax broader behind. 
‘The thorax is broader than long, truncate at apex and base, sides rounded, gradually con- 
verging to the apex. The propleurie are finely grooved near the margin and coarsely 
punctured near the coxie, The elytra are finely striate, the interspaces transversely 
wrinkled and finely punctured. 

Length .38.-64 inch. 

California, near San Francisco. 

H. angustus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1859, 77. 

Brownish, not metallic. Thorax as long as broad, truncated in front and behind, sides 
moderately rounded, disc feebly convex, Antennie elongate, outer joints not compressed, 
very slightly shorter, Propleure coarsely punctured, Thorax without thin margin. 

Length .50—40 inch. 

Fort ‘Tejon, California. 

H. gracilis, Bland, Proc. Ent. Soe. 1863, p. 319. 

Bronzed, sub-parallel, moderately depressed. ‘Thorax not margined, broader than 
long, truncate at apex and base, sides feebly rounded, anterior angles broadly rounded, 
hind angles rectangular, Propleure coarsely and irregularly grooved. Antenne slender, 
last joint longer than the preceding. 

Length .80-.85 inch. 

New Jersey, Bland. 

H. californicus, Mann., Bull. Mose. 1843; Beitrag. p. 287. 

Similar in form to gracilis, but rather more depressed and somewhat broader. The 
surface is brownish or piceous, shining, but rarely sub-metallic. Thorax rather more 
transverse and with a distinct margin, more evident near the hind angles. The propleure 
are very finely wrinkled. The antennie are slender, the outer joints feebly compressed, 
sub-equal, the last joint broadly oval, equal with the preceding. ‘The elytra are feebly 
striate, the interstices flat, smooth and very sparsely punctured. 

Length .26- 42 inch. 


San Jose, Califormia. 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 395 


Il. edwardsii, piceous with slight eneous tinge. Head coarsely and rather densely punctured. Thorax 
broader than long, moderately convex, rather finely punctured and more densely at the sides; apex sub-truncate, base 
feebly rounded at middle, sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate and feebly narrower at base, margin acute, not 
broad, apical angles obtuse, hind angles rectangular. Propleure coarsely and irregularly wrinkled and punctured, 
mesosternum coarsely punctured. Elytra oblong; feebly broader behind middle, sides feebly rounded; surface mod- 
erately convex, rather deeply striate, strize not punctured, interspaces feebly convex and sparsely punctulate. Body 
beneath coarsely but not sparsely punctured, abdomen more densely punctured and at the sides wrinkled. 

Length .62 inch. 

Resembles a large specimen of californicus, from which it may readily be distinguished 
by the form of the thorax and the sculpture of the propleure. The elytra are also much 
more deeply striate. The antenne are broken, but they appear to be as in cafifornicus. 

For a single female specimen IT am indebted to Mr. H. Edwards, of San Francisco, to 

g I | 710" 
whom I with pleasure dedicate it. 


Collected in Oregon. 


H. pernitens, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 353 

‘Thorax one-half broader than long, apex and base of equal width, the former truncate, 
the latter feebly rounded; sides rounded, very distinctly margined, margin slightly re 
flexed. Antennie slender, outer joints very feebly decreasing, last joint elongate, some- 
what longer than the tenth. Elytra rather broadly oval, finely striate, surface smooth and 
polished. Propleure finely wrinkled. 

Length .40 inch. 

Oregon. 

H. letus, Lec., Proc. Acad., Pacif. R. R. Rep. IX, App. 1, p. 51. 

Thorax as in californicus, but rather more transverse. Margin broad, slightly reflexed 
and broader than the hind angles. Antenne with sub-equal joints, last joint rounded and 
smaller than the tenth. Propleure finely rugose. Elytra less rounded than in pernitens, 
more deeply striate, and with the interstices feebly convex. Surface smooth, shining, cu- 
preous metallic. 

Length .32 inch, 

Oregon. 


H. rugicollis, Lec., New Species, p. 133. 


With this species begins our series of apterous Helops. The very short robust an- 
tenne serve to distinguish this species from those to which it has most resemblance in 
form and other characters. The antenne are not longer than the head and thorax, ro- 
bust, outer joints compressed, last three shorter; joints nine and ten sub-triangular, 
broader than long, last joint oval and shorter, The head and thorax are rather densely 


aciculately punctured, and reddish brown. Thorax slightly broader than long, apex trun- 


396 - REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID.E OF AMERICA, 


cate, base fecbly rounded, hind angles distinct, not rounded, Elytra elongate oval, humeri 
rounded, color piccous. Propleurw coarsely punctured. Legs ferruginous. 

Leneth .40—46 inch. j 

Specimens in my cabinet from ‘Tejon and Owens’ Valley, California. 

H. bachei, Lee., Proce. Aead. 1861, 353. 

Thorax slightly broader than long, sides strongly rounded, apex truncate, base slightly 
rounded, hind angles very obtuse or rounded, Antenne slender, last joint longer than 
the preceding. Elytra clongate oval, with strie of punctures faintly marked, interstices 
sparsely punctured and with slightly clevated rounded tubercles evident at least near the 
apex. Propleure with confluent reticulate punctures. Surface sub-opaque, faintly 
bronzed. 

Length 34-50 inch, 

Island of Santa Barbara, coast of California. 

H. convexulus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 353. 

Thorax similar to the preceding, with less rounded hind angles. The surface is 
shining, not metallic. Elytra elongate oval, convex, faintly striate, interstices flat, very 
sparsely punctured. Antenne slender, outer joints gradually decreasing, last joint oval, 
not longer than the preceding, Propleurve finely wrinkled, Easily distinguishable from 
the preceding species, the only one with which it might be confounded by description, by 
its more convex form, shining surface and absence of any interstrial tubercles. 

Length .22-.30 inch, 


Bitter Root Valley, Nebraska. 


H. wreus, Germar, sp. nov. p. 159; aratus, Say, Journ. Acad. 5, 240; pullus, Say, Journ. Acad. 5, 241. 

A common species in the Eastern States, easily recognisable by the characters given 
in the table and by the very deeply grooved propleure. ‘The last three joints of antenne 
are shorter and sub-equal. 

Length .28-.36 inch. 

Abundant in the Middle States. 

H. cisteloides, Germar, Spec. Nov. p. 159. 

The thorax is somewhat broader than long, the hind angles rectangular, Propleure 
coarsely punctured. Elytra elongate oval, bronzed, with strive of fine punctures, inter- 
stices flat, impunetured. Antennie slender, last joint longer than the preceding, 

Length .40-.50 inch. 

Gulf States. 


ive) 
Ne) 
-! 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 


H. discretus, Lec., New Species, p. 134. 

This species is unknown to me in nature, and is placed near cisteloides in consequence 
of its comparison by Dr. Leconte with that species. 

Length .44 inch. 

Texas. Cabinet of Mr. H. Ulke. 

H. sulcipennis, Lec., New Species, p. 183. 

A very distinct species in this section, by its deeply sulcate elytra. The interstices 
are convex, smooth and shining with metallic reflection. The antenne are slender, the 
joints nearly equal, the last being as long as the preceding. The propleure are punctured 
and wrinkled. The humeri of the elytra are more distinct than in any of our apterous 
species. 

Length .30 inch, 

Mount Yona, Habersham Co., Georgia. 

H. attenuatus, Lec., (Amphidora) Ann. Lye. V, 137; Class. Col. N. A., p. 240 (Stenotrichus). 

The type of this species is a badly mutilated specimen found by Dr. Leconte in the 
desert region around Vallecito, California. From the character of the region and the ap- 
pearance of the specimen, it must have been dead some years, and exposed to the intense 
heat of the desert region, has undoubtedly lost to a certain extent its original outline. 
Several specimens are in my cabinet, from neighboring regions, agreeing in most respects 
with the type, but having the thorax rather less convex and slightly broader. ‘The speci- 
mens, however, vary among themselves to a certain extent. 

Thorax longer than broad, truncate at apex and base, sides feebly rounded, margin 
obtuse. Propleuree and entire under surface densely and coarsely punctured.  Elytra 
elongate oval, almost sub-cylindrical, humeri rounded ; surface with striz of coarse punc- 
tures, and interstices more finely punctured. Antenne with the outer joints feebly com- 
pressed, not shorter. 

Length .26-.36 inch. 

Occurs at Vallecito, Owens’ Valley, and at Camp Grant, Arizona. 

H. farctus, Lec., Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 74. 

Very distinct from all our apterous species, by its broadly oval form, apex of thorax 
deeply emarginate, and anterior angles prominent, and by its deeply striate elytra. 
Thorax twice as broad as long, sides feebly rounded, and wider at base; surface densely 
but not coarsely punctured, Propleure and entire under surface coarsely but not sparsely 
punctured, Antenne gradually wider to apex, outer joints not shorter. Color black, 
moderately shining. 

Length .20-.33 inch, 

Texas. 


AMERI. PHILOSO. SOC.—VOL. X1V.—100 


REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID OF AMERICA, &C. 


uo 
io) 
(o.6) 


H. tumescens, Lee., New Species, 154. 
A species differing abundantly from our only other species of oval convex form, in the 


sides of the thorax being sub-angulate. It resembles cwreus, Germ.,'in form. The broadest 
portion of the thorax is in front of the middle, in w@reus nearer the base. 
Length .42 inch. 


California. Collection of HL. Ulke. 
The following species are described in the books, and from the very short descriptions 


are not recognisable. 
H. americanus, Beauy. Ins. 122, pl. 30, fig. 6. 
H.? tristis, Beauv. Ins. 157, pl. 30b, fig. 1. 
the latter does not appear to 


The former may possibly be H. undulatus, Lee., while 


belong to the genus. 
TRIBE XXXI—MERACANTHINI. 


A single genus represents this tribe in our fauna. 


MERACANTHA, Kirby. 


; tumidus, 


Meracantha, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 237. 
canadensis, Kirby, (Meracantha) 1. ¢.; 


. 122, pl. 30, fig. 6; 


M. contracta, Beauv. (Helops) Ins., p 
Color dark bronze. 


Mels., (Helops) Proc. Acad. 3, 61. 
Anterior 


A common species found over a large part of our eastern regions, 
shining. Head deeply inserted, antenne long, slender, scarcely thicker at tip. 
portion of prosternum very short. Anterior femur with an obtuse tooth. 


Length .44-—.50 inch. 


TRIBE XXXII—STRONGYLIINI. 


STRONGYLIUM, Kirby. 


Strongylium, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. XII, p. 417. 
‘Two species of this genus are known to American students. 


8. tenuicolle, Say, (Helops) Journ. Acad. IIT, 67; Lac. (Strong.) Genera V, 487. 
Antenne slender, last joimt yellowish. 


Thorax quadrate or longer than wide, 
Length .56 inch. 

Middle and Western States. 

S. terminatum, Say, (Tenebrio) Journ. Acad. V, 241; Lac. (Strong. Genera V, 487. 

Thorax broader than long, with a shallow longitudinal median groove. Antennie as 


in tenwicolle. 
Length .46 inch. 


Western States. 


INDEX. 


Names in Zta/ies are synonyms or unknown species. Several unknown species not mentioned in the body of the paper 
will be found on page 402. 


AGEONOMA, 272 hirsuta, 286 asperata, 279 
AL/EPHUS, 346 hispidula, 286 caraboides, 280 
pallidus, B46 inequalis, 283 infausta, 280 
ALAUDES, 361 lecontei, 286 muricata, 279 
singularis, 362 lirata, 283 seriata, 280 
ALPHITOBIUS, 369 luctata, 286 spiculifera, 279 
diaperinus, 369 marginata, 288 CENTRONOPUS, 342 
piceus, 369 morbillosa, 284 ealearatus, y 
ALPHITOPHAGUS, 385 muricatula, 286 coracinus, 
bifasciatus, 385 oboyata, 288 opacus, 
quadripustulatus, 385 obsoleta, 285 reflexus, 
AMMODONUS, 359 opaca, 283 CERENOPUS, 
fossor, 359 parallela, 285 concolor, 
AMPHIDORA, 328 polita, 283 costulatus, 
caudata, 330 puncticollis, 287 eribratus, 
littoralis, 329 rimatus (var. ) 288 CIBDELIS, 
nigropilosa, 329 semilzvis, 284 bachei, 
tenebrosa, 329 sexcostata, 285 blaschkii, 
ANAEDUS, BYB sordida, 283 CNEMEPLATIA, 
brunneus, 373 subcylindrica (var.) 288 sericea, 360 
rotundicollis, 373 ASTROTUS, 299 CNEMODUS, 266 
ANAEMIA, YH contortus, 290 testaceus, 266 
californica, 378 regularis, 290 CQZLOCNEMIS, 335 
ANEPSIUS, 277 AUCHMOBIUS, 262 californica, 336 
delicatulus, 27 subleevis, 262 dilaticollis, 336 
APHANOTUS, 368 BATULIUS, 270 magna, 335 
brevicornis, 368 rotundicollis, 270 obesa, 336 
APOCRYPHA, 390 setosus, 270 punctata, 337 
anthicoides, 390 BIUS, 345 CCELUS, 292 
clivinoides, 391 estriatus, 345 ciliatus, 292 
dyschirioides, 390 BLAPSTINUS, 351 globosus, ” 292 
AR-EZOSCHIZUS, 274 ceneolus, 355 CONIBIUS, 350 
armatus, 275 auripilis, 353 elongatus, 351 
costipennis, 274 brevicollis, 353 seriatus, 350 
regularis, 274 californicus, 355 parallelus, 351 
sulcicoliis, 274 discolor, 354 CONIONTIS, 295 
ARGOPORIS, 325 dilatatus, 353 abdominalis, 296 
atripes, 325 interruptus, 355 aftinis, 297 
bicolor, 825 lecontei, 353 eschscholtzii, 297 
sulcipennis, 825 longulus, 354 lata, 298 
ARRHENOPLITA, 379 luridus, 55 nemoralis, 297 
ASBOLUS, 278 metallicus, BDo obesa, 298 
ASIDA, 282 mcestus, Bog opaca, 296 
actuosa, 284 pratensis, 354 ovalis, 297 
ceger (var.) 283 pubescens || 353 puncticollis, 297 
wegrota, 283 pulverulentus, 355 robusta 296 
angulata, 286 sordidus, 352 subpnbescens, 297 
bifurea, 285, sulcatus, 352 viatica, 296 
captiosa, 287 vestitus. 354 CONIPINUS, 292 
earinata. 285 BLAPYLIS, sub. gen., 315 CRANIOTUS, 258 
confiuens, 285 BOLITOPHAGUS, 389 pubescens, 258 
connivens, 285 corticola, 389 CRATIDUS, 328 
consobrina, 287 depressus, 389 osculans, 328 
convexa, 287 tetraopes, 389 rotundicollis, 328 
convexicollis, 288 BOLITOTHERUS, 388. CRYPTADIUS, 262 
costipennis (var. ) 283 bifurcus, 388 inflatus, 262 
costipennis || 2°6 cornutus, 388 CRYPTICUS, 362 
difformis, 289 BRANCHUS, 291 obsoletus, 362 
elata, 289 floridanus, 291 CRYPTOGLOSSA, 280 
gibbicollis, 288 CENTRIOPTERA, 278 levis, 280 


400 


verrucosa, 
CYN AUS, 
anigustus, 
depressus, 
DACODERUS, 
striaticeps, 
DELOPYGUS. 


DIAPERIS. 
hydni, 
maculata, 
rufipes, 

DIGEDUS, 
punctatus. 

DISCODEMUS. 

DISCOGENTA, 
Jischeri, 
marginata, 
seabricula. 

DYSMASTHE 

ECHOCERUS, 
maxillosus, 

EDROTES, 
rotundus, 
ventricosus 

ELEDONA, 
fungicola, 

ELEODES, 


ELEODES, sub. get, 


acuta, 
acuticauda, 
aternata, 
arata, 
armata, 
asperd, 
asperata, 
earbonaria, 
eaudifera, 
clavicornis, 
cognata, 
econsobrina, 
constricta, 
convert, 
cordata, 
debili 
deleta, 
dentipes, 
disperse Var.. 
extricata, 
femorata, 
fusiformis, 
ventilis, 
gigantea, 
gracilis, 
grandicollis, 
granosa, 
granulata, 
haydenii, 
hirsuta, 
hispilabris, 
humeralis, 
immunis, 


im pressicollis, 
inculta, 
innocens, 
intricata, 
laticollis, 
lecontei, 
longicollis. 
luce, 
nilitaris, 
nigrina, 
nupla, 


sahthergc, 


REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDAE OF 


280, 
860 
869 
869 
275 
ons 

372 


379 


379 
379 
379 
3865 
369 


9Q9 


319 
820 
320 
820 
276 
366 


366 


On 


Pasy] 


309 
316 
3l7 
313 
317 
808 
805 
3l4 
805 
309 
3ll 
318 
311 


979 
ol2 


312 

312 
Su 
300, 
311 

315 
313 
309 
308 


obscura, 
OSCUrd Var.. 
obsoleta, 
obtusa, 
omissd, 
opaca, 
parvicollis, 
pedinoides, 
pilosa, 
pimelioides, 
planata, 
planata || 
planipennis, 
product, 
quadricollis, 
robusta, 
rotundipennis, 
scabripennis, 
scabrosa, 
seriata, 
soror, 
sponsa, 
stricta, 
striolata, 


subasperd, Sol.. 


subaspera || 
subligata, 
subnitens, 
suleatd || 


suletpennis Viar.. 


suturalis, 
tenebrosa, 
texana, 
tricostata 
tuberculata, 
valida, 
ventricosa, 
veseyi, 
victor, 
vicina, 
EMBAPHION., 
concarum, 
contusuin, 
depresstun, 
elongatum, 
muricatum, 
planuin, 
EMMENASTUS, 
acutus, 
ater, 
CONVETUS, 
longulus, 
obesus. 
obtusus, 
pinguis, 
punctatus, 
PUTOSUS, 
subopacus, 
texanus, 
EPANTIUS, 
EPHALUS, 
latimanus, 
EPITRAGUS, 
acutus, 
arundinis, 
eanaliculatus, 
dentiger, 
plumbeus, 
pruinosus, 
submetallicus, 
tomentosus, 
EULABIS, 


AMERICA, 

305 bicarinata, 

306 grossa, 

308 obscura, 

309 pubescens, 

B08 rufipes, 

318 EUPSOPHUS, 

317 eastaneus, 

307 EURYMETOPON, 

314 abnorme, 

318 bicolor, 

317 conyexicolle, 

807 ochraeceum, 

316 punctwatun, 

317 serratum, 

808 sodalis, 

307 EUSATTUS, 

817 CONVETUS, 

315 costatus, 

317 difficilis, 

319 dilatatus, 

308 dubius, 

3138 erosus. 

317 levis, 

319 muricatus, 

309 productus, 

316 puberulus, 

318 reticulatus, 

319 robustus, 

313 EUSCHIDES, 

306 EUTOCHIA, 

306 crenata, 

316 picea, 

306 EVOPLUS, 

807 ferrugineus, 

317 GLYPTOTUS, 

312 eribratus, 

311 GNATHOCERUS, 

316 cornutus, 

318 HAPLANDRUS, 

308 ater, 

320 eoncolor, 

320 femoratus, 

82 Tulvipes, 

322 HELOPS, 

321 cereus,. 

320 americanus, 

32 angustus, 

268 aratus, 

270 attenuatus, 

269 bachei, 

270 ealifornieus, 

269 cisteloides, 

270 convexulus, 

270 diseretus, 

269 edwardsii, 

269 faretus, 

270 gracilis, 

269 jmpolitus, 

269 laetus, 

323 miecans, 

860, opacus, 

360 pernitens, 

263 pullus, 

264 punctipennis, 

264 rugicollis, 

264 rugulosus, 

265 suleipennis, 
teeniatus, 
tristis, 
tumescens. 
undulatus, 
velustus. 


324 
824 
324 
524 
824 
SAT 
347 
267 
267 
268 
267 
268 
268 
268 
268 
292 
294 
293 
294 
294 
294 
294 
294 
294 
295 
294 
293 
293 
282 
372 
372 
372 
366 
366 
541 
342 
365 
366 
3839 
839 
340) 
339 
3839 
891 
396 
398 
304 
396 
397 
896 
804 
396 
396 
3897 
895 
397 
304 
393 
3895 
392 
393 
395 
396 
893 
395 
394 
397 
892 
398 
398 
392 
393 


vittatus, 
HOPLOCEPHALA, 
bicornis, 
chalybea, 
collaris, 
virescens, 
viridipennis, 
HYPOPHLGUS, 
cavus, 
parallelus, 
thoracicus, 
IPHTHIMUS, 
lewisii var., 
opacus, 
serratus, 
servator, 
servilis, 
subleevis var.. 
subligatus, 
LIODEMA, 
leeve, 
MECYSMUS, 
angustus, 
MERACANTHA, 
canadensis, 
contracta, 
tumidus, 
MERINUS, 
levis, 
MEROTEMNUS, 
elongatus, 
METACLISA, 
marginalis, 
MICROSCHATIA, 
inzequalis, 
punctata, 
punceticollis, 
sulecipennis, 
MYCOTROGUS, 
piceus. 
angustus, 
NEATUS, 
NELITES, 
NOSERUS, 
plicatus, 
NOTIBIUS, 
gagates, 
granulatus, 
opacus, 
puberulus, 
puncticollis, 
sulcatus, 
NYCTOBATES, 
barbata, 
chrysops, 
glabra, 
inermis, 
intermedia, 
pensylvanica, 
sublevis, 
NYCTOPORIS, 
zequicollis, 
earinata, 
cristata, 
galeata, 
OLOGLYPTUS, 
anastomosis, 
OOCHILA, 
OPATRINUS, 
aciculatus, 
minimus, 
notus, 
sayi, 


AMERI. PHILOSO. 


282 


2 & Or 


oo 
CST SCC IC | 


2 92 99 99 


NORTH OF MEXICO. 


PACTOSTOMA, 
PACHYURGUS, 
eereus, 
PARATENETUS, 
crioratus, 
fuscus, 
gibbipennis, 
punctatus, 
PELECYPHORUS, 
PENTAPHYLLUS, 
californicus, 
pallidus, 
PHALERIA. 
debilis, 
globosa, 
humeralis, 
limbata, 
longula, 
picipes, 
picta, 
pilifera, 
rotundata, 
testacea, 
PHELLIDIUS, 
PHELLOPSIS, 
obcordata, 
poreata, 
PHILOLITHUS. 
PHLGZODES, 
diabolicus, 
pustulosus, 
PLATYDEMA, 
americanum, 
anale, 
basale, 
elypeatum, 
cyanea. 
eyanescens, 
ellipticum, 
erythrocerum, 
excavatuin, 
flavipes, 
janus, 
leevipes, 
micans, 
oregonese, 
pallens, 
picilabrum, 
politum, 
rusd, 
ruficolle, 
ruficorne, 
rujiventre, 
sanguinicolle, 
subcostatum, 
POLYPLEURUS, 
geminatus, 
nitidus, 
perforatus, 
PRATAZUS, 
fusculus, 
PROMUS, sub. gen., 
RHINANDRUS, 
gracilis, 
RHIPIDANDRUS, 
flabellicornis, 
SCAPHIDEMA, 
eeneoluin, 
SCHCENICUS, 
puberulus, 
SCOTOBAENUS, 
parallelus, 


soc.—-VOL. XIvV.—101 


389 
389 
386 
386 
265 
265 
3d0 
340 


SITOPHAGUS, 
complanata, 
lecontei, 
pallidus, 
planus || 

STENOTRICHUS, 
rutipes, 

STIBLA, : 
puncticollis, 

STRONG YLIUM, 
tenuicolle, 
terminatum, 

TENEBRIO, 
badius, 
ecastaneus, 
interstitiulis, 
molitor, 
obseurus, 
tenebrioides, 

THARSUS, 
seditiosus, 

TRACHYSCELIS., 
flavipes, 

TRIBOLIUM, 
ferrugineun, 
madens, 

TRIMYTIS, 
abnormnis, 
pruinosa, 
pulverea, 

TRIOROPHUS, 
levis, 
nodiceps, 
pune tatus, 
rugiceps, 
subpubescens, 

TRIPHALUS, 
perforatus, 

ULOMA. 
cand, 
imberbis, 
impressa, 
longula, 
mentalis, 
punctulata, 

ULOSONTA, 
marginata, 

ULUS, 
crassus, 
obliquus, 

UPIS, 
ceramboides, 
reticulata, 

USECHUS, 
lacerta, 

XYZLOPINUS, 
aenescens, 
anthracinus, 
calcaratus, 
rulipes, 
saperdoides. 
spinipes, 

AYSTA, 

ZOPHERUS, 
concolor, 
elegans, 
gracilis, 
guttulatus, 
haldemani. 
nodulosus ft 
opacus, 
tristis, 


260 
260 
398 


402 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONIDA OF AMERICA, 


UNKNOWN SPECIES. 
Emmenastus rugosus, Motsch., Bull. Mose. 1845, 1, p. 76. 
Dysmasthes sahlbergi, Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, 3, p. 265; probably Amphizoa insolens, Lee. 


Eurymetopon ochraceum, Esch., Zool. Atl. TV, p. 8, pl. 18, fig. 20; probably immature.” 


Centrioptera caraboides, Mann., Bull. Mose. 1845, 289; see page 280. 

Cryptadius inflatus, Lee., Ann. Lye. V, p. 140; type lost. 

Eleodes binotata, conjunecta, convexicollis, latiuscula and subtuberculata, Walk., Naturalist in Brit. Col. II, pp. 828 
and 829; probably well known but not recognisable. 

Eleodes subaspera, Sol., Studi Ent. I, 246. See page 309. 

Eleodes retlexicollis, Mann., Beitrag. 270. 

Pedinus suturalis, Say, Journ. Acad. IT, 263; probably an Opatrinus. 

Paratenetus cribratus and gibbipennis, Motsch, Bull. Mose. 1868, 192-3. 

Phaleria picta, Mann., Bull. Mose. 1845, 277. 


Hoplocephala chalybea and collaris, Cast. et Brullé, Ann. Se. Nat. 23, 341 and 347. 


© 


Platydema politum, quadrimaculata, pallens, cyanea, Cast. et Brullé, Ann, Se. Nat. 

Helops virescens, Cast. Hist. Nat. I], 255. 

Helops americanus, Beauy. Ins. 122, pl. 30, fig. 6. =? undulatus, Lec. 

Helops tristis, Beauv. Ins. 137, pl. 30 b, fig. 1. 

Meracantha rugosa Cast. Hist. Nat. II, p. 233. 

Strongylium crenatum, Makl. Monog. 199. 

Tenebrio variolosus, Beauy. Ins. 163, pl. 31, fig. 8. 

Tenebrio elongatus, Beauv. Ins. 163, pl. 31, fig. 9. 

Tenebrio rufinasus, Say, Bost. Journ. 1, 187. 

REMARKS. 

Eleodes lecontei, Harold, Heft. VI, p. 122, proposed for sxleuta || Lec.; as the latter is already a synonym no such 
change is necessary. 

P. 1859 Catalogus, Gemm. and Harold, quote by mistake Eleodes armata, Lec., and texana, Lec., in Cerenopus. 

Stenomorpha blapsoides, Sol., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 1836, p. 491, pl. 12, figs. 9, 11, 12, 14; appears to be Asida rimata, 
Lee., ver., pl. 15, fig. 3, of this work. 

Uloma ferruginea, Say, = Tribolium ferrug. See Lec., New Spec., p. 125. 


Helops punctatus, Gemm. Col. Heft VI, 1870. = punetipennis | Lee. 


CORRIEC PEO Nis: 
Page 260. Six lines from bottom, read T. perforatus, Lee., not punctatus. 

“ 964. After the remarks concerning E. submetallicus, add “Length .66 inch. Collected by Major Webb, 
of U.S. and Mex. Bound. Survey.” 

* 268. In the descriptions of E. bicolor and sodalis, for ‘“aciculately”’ read ‘finely muricately.”* 

972, Line 7, for D. read Dr, The paragraph at bottom of page describing Z. elegans, should be at the top, 
the remarks in Tirge type referring to it and not to nodulosus. 

‘© 278. Line 3, for T read P. 

283. Line 12, for ‘six longitudinal cost’ read ‘ three,’’ ete. 

* 901. After B. floridanus, for “p. 3° read “yp, 111.’? All matter in Branchus after and including B. woodi, 
Lee., should be in the foot-note. 

«300. For BOLETOPHAGINI read BoOLITOPHAGINI. 

“ 303. Last line, for 9 read 4. 

“ 306. Line before last, for texanus read texana. 

“314. After E. pilosa, for obaque read opaque. 

“© 319. Line 22, for basis read bases. 

‘¢ 328. For E. osculans read C. osculans. 

‘343. Line 6 from bottom, for anescens read wnescens. 

‘369. Line 16, for Plalydema read Platydema. 


‘© 378. Line 10, after “strongly” add ‘ rounded.” 


NORTH OF MEXICO, 403 


PLATE XIV. 


Fic. 1.—Craniotus pubescens, Lec. 1a, head; 1 b, antenna. 
Fic, 2.—Stibia puncticollis, Horn. 2a, head. 

Fig. 3.—Trimytis pruimosa, Lec. 3 a, head. 

Fig. 4.—Triphalus perforatus, Lee. 4a, head. 

Fie. 5.—Usechus lacerta, Motsch. 


Fig. 6.—Head of Triorophus, Lee. 


Fig. 7— “ ‘ Auchmobius, Lec. 
Fig. 8.— ‘ and thorax of Edrotes ventricosus, Lec. 


Fig. 9.—Batulius setosus, Lec. 
Fie. 10.—Cnemodus testaceus, Horn. 10a, head and antenna; 10 b, anterior leg. 


Fig. 11.—Thorax of Epitragus arundinis, Lee. 


Ss 
Fig. 12.—Head of Fe eanaliculatus, Say. 
Fig.18.— ‘ “* Hf acutus, Lec. 
Fig. 14.— ‘ “ ee arundinis, Lee. 


Fig. 15.—Areoschizus regularis, Horn. 15a, thorax of A. costipennis, Lee.; 15 b, thorax of A. sulcicollis, Horn; 
15 c and d, thorax and front leg of A. armatus, Horn. 

Fig. 16.—Dacoderus striaticeps, Lec. 

Fig. 17.—Eleodes granosa, Lec. 

Fig. 18.—Anepsius delicatulus, Lee. 

Fig. 19.—Glyptotus eribratus, Lec. 

Fig. 20.—Sitophagus planus, Lec. 

Fig. 21.—Polypleurus nitidus, Lec. 

Fig. 22.—Alephus pallidus, Horn. 

Fig. 23.—Alaudes singularis, Horn. 23 a, underside of head; 23 b, antenna. 

g. 24.—Notibius gagates, Horn. 24a, anterior tibia of male and female of N. puberulus, Lee.; 24), ditto N. sul- 
catus, Lec.; 24 ¢, ditto N. puncticollis, Lec.; 24d, ditto N. granulatus, Lec. 


Fig. 25.—Anterior tibia of Cerenopus concolor, Lec. 


Fig. 26.— ne as Be cribratus, Lee. 
Fig. 27.— rs ‘© Argoporis bicolor (Lec. ) 


Fig. 28.—Hind femur of male of Argoporis bicolor (Lec. ) 


Fig. 29.— ‘ ee = oe a sulcipennis (Lec. ) 
Fig. 30.— ‘ ee i, ‘© Cerenopus concolor, Lec. 
Fig. 31.— “ ae He fs us cribratus, Lec. 


Fig. 32.—Head of Cerenopus concolor, Lec. 


404 REVISION OF THE TENEBRIONID® OF AMERICA, &C. 


eA Sa 
Fig. 83.—Head of Argoporis bicolor (Lec.) 
Fig. 34.—Side view of Liodema, Zimm. F 
Fig. 85.—Scotobenus parallelus, Lee. 
Fig. 36.—Eupsophus castaneus, Horn; last two joints of antenna near fig. 55. 
Fig. 87.—Thorax of Cratidus osculans, Lec. 
, 2 oe ae oe ., li llis H . 
g. 38.— rotundicollis, Horn. 


Fig. 39.—Embaphion planum, Horn. 


Fig. 40.— WY elongatum, Horn. 
Fig. 41.— as depresssum, Lec. 
Fig. 42.—Rhipidandrus flabellicornis (Sturm); 42 a, antenna. 


Fig. 1.—Asida gibbicollis, Horn. 


Fig. 2.— ‘* marginata (Lec.) (var. sub-cylindrica). 
Fig. 3.— ‘“ marginata (Lec.) var. 

Fig. 4.— “ i (var. rimata, Lee.) 

Fig. 5.— ‘“  wxgrota (Lec.) 

Fig. 6.— ‘* — semilevis, Horn. 

Fig. 7.— ‘*  actuosa, Horn, 

Fig. 8.— ‘*  confluens (Lec.) 

Fig. 9. ‘** sexcostata, Lec. 


Fig. 10.— ‘‘  lirata, Lee. 


Fig. 11.— ‘“  lecontei, Horn, (costipennis || Lec.) 
Fig. 12.— ‘5 of “© (war. compressa, Horn). 
Fig. 18.— ‘*  captiosa, Horn, 


Fig. 14.— ‘*  parallella (Lec.) 


Fig. 15.— *  bifurea (Lec.) 


Fig. 16.— ‘*  consobrina, Horn. 
Fig. 17.— ‘*  luctata, Horn. 


Fig. 18.—Microschatia sulcipennis, Lee. 

Fig. 19.—Astrotus contortus, Lec. 

Fig. 20.— “« regularis, Horn. 

Fig. 21.—Eusattus erosus, Horn. 

Fig. 22.— . costatus, Horn. 

Fig. 28.—a, anterior tibia Eusattus; b, Ccelus; ce, Coniontis. 

Fig. 24.—a, mesosternum Centrioptera muricata, Lee.; b, ditto asperata, Horn: ce, terminal antennal joints Centr 
optera; d, ditto Cryptoglossa, 


Fig. 25.—Centrioptera variolosa, Horn. 


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